Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slakaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *slogos, from the root *(s)leg- (“to weaken”). Compare Old Irish lacc (“slack”), Latin laxus (“slack, loose”), Tocharian A slākkär (“sad”), and perhaps Ancient Greek λαγαρός (lagarós, “slack, loose; thin, weak”) and Sanskrit श्लक्ष्ण (ślakṣṇa, “tender, soft”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈslɑ.kɑz/

Adjective

*slakaz

1. weak

   Synonym: *waikwaz

2. slack

   Synonym: *slaiwaz

Inflection

Declension of *slakaz (a-stem)

strong declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*slakaz	*slakai	*slakō	*slakôz	*slaką, *-at(ō)	*slakō
accusative	*slakanǭ	*slakanz	*slakǭ	*slakōz	*slaką, *-at(ō)	*slakō
genitive	*slakas, *slakis	*slakaizǫ̂	*slakaizōz	*slakaizǫ̂	*slakas, *slakis	*slakaizǫ̂
dative	*slakammai	*slakaimaz	*slakaizōi	*slakaimaz	*slakammai	*slakaimaz
instrumental	*slakanō	*slakaimiz	*slakaizō	*slakaimiz	*slakanō	*slakaimiz
weak declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*slakô	*slakaniz	*slakǭ	*slakōniz	*slakô	*slakōnō
accusative	*slakanų	*slakanunz	*slakōnų	*slakōnunz	*slakô	*slakōnō
genitive	*slakiniz	*slakanǫ̂	*slakōniz	*slakōnǫ̂	*slakiniz	*slakanǫ̂
dative	*slakini	*slakammaz	*slakōni	*slakōmaz	*slakini	*slakammaz
instrumental	*slakinē	*slakammiz	*slakōnē	*slakōmiz	*slakinē	*slakammiz

Alternative reconstructions

• *slakwaz

Derived terms

• *slakjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *slak
  • Old English: slæc, sleac, slec
    • Middle English: slak
      • English: slack
      • Scots: slak
  • Old Saxon: slak (“slack, cowardly”)
    • Middle Low German: slak
      • Low German: slak
        • → German: schlack (partially)
  • Middle Dutch: slac (“slack, loose, slow”)
  • Old High German: slach (“slack, loose, slow”)
    • Middle High German: slach
      • German: schlack, schlach
• Old Norse: slakr
  • Icelandic: slakur
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: slak
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: slak
  • Swedish: slak