Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skeraną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”) (though Kroonen reconstructs the verb as *skerH-, which appears to be an extension).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈske.rɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skeraną^[1]^[2]^[3]

to shear

Inflection

Conjugation of *skeraną (strong class 4)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*skerō	*skeraų	—	*skerai	?
2nd singular	*skirizi	*skeraiz	*sker	*skerazai	*skeraizau
3rd singular	*skiridi	*skerai	*skeradau	*skeradai	*skeraidau
1st dual	*skerōz	*skeraiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skeradiz	*skeraidiz	*skeradiz	—	—
1st plural	*skeramaz	*skeraim	—	*skerandai	*skeraindau
2nd plural	*skirid	*skeraid	*skirid	*skerandai	*skeraindau
3rd plural	*skerandi	*skerain	*skerandau	*skerandai	*skeraindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skar	*skērį̄
2nd singular	*skart	*skērīz
3rd singular	*skar	*skērī
1st dual	*skērū	*skērīw
2nd dual	*skērudiz	*skērīdiz
1st plural	*skērum	*skērīm
2nd plural	*skērud	*skērīd
3rd plural	*skērun	*skērīn

	present	past
participles	*skerandz	*skuranaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skeran
- Old English: sċieran, sċeran, sċeoran, sċiran
  - Middle English: scheren, schæren, schere, scheryn, shere, sheren, ssere
    - English: shear
    - Scots: shear
    - Yola: shaure (preterite)
- Old Frisian: skera
  - Saterland Frisian: schääre, skääre
  - West Frisian: skarre
- Old Saxon: skeran, sceran
  - Middle Low German: scheren
    - Low German: scheren
- Old Dutch: skeran
  - Middle Dutch: schēren
    - Dutch: scheren
      - Afrikaans: skeer
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: skeri
      - Negerhollands: skeer
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: skler, scar
      - → Aukan: sikeli
      - → Sranan Tongo: sker
        → Dutch: skeer
      - → West Frisian: skeare
    - Limburgish: sjaere
- Old High German: skeran
  - Middle High German: schërn
    - German: scheren
    - Hunsrik: scheere
    - Luxembourgish: schieren
    - Yiddish: שערן (shern)
  - ⇒ Old High German: giskirri
    - Middle High German: geschirre
      - Alemannic German: Geschirr
      - Central Franconian:
        Hunsrik: Gescherr
        Luxembourgish: Geschier
      - German: Geschirr
      - → Polish: szory
        → Russian: шоры (šory)
- → Old French: escirer
  - ⇒ Old French: descirer
    - Middle French: deschirer
      - French: déchirer
Old Norse: skera
- Icelandic: skera
- Faroese: skera
- Norwegian Nynorsk: skjera
- Old Swedish: skæra, skiæra
  - Swedish: skära
- Danish: skære
  - Norwegian Bokmål: skjære
Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*skairan)
- → Old Occitan:
  - Catalan: esquilar
  - Occitan: esquilar
- → Old Spanish: esquirar
  - Spanish: esquilar
    - → Galician: esquiloar
    - → Portuguese: esquiar, esquilar
→ Proto-Finnic: *kerit'äk (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*skeran- 1”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 443
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skeranan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 338
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SKER-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 413

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*skeran- 1”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 443

[Orel-2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skeranan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 338

[Seebold-3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SKER-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 413

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[2]

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