Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skapōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *skapą (“shape”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskɑ.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skapōną

1. to shape
2. to create

Inflection

Conjugation of *skapōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skapō	*skapǭ	—	*skapōi	?
2nd singular	*skapōsi	*skapōs	*skapō	*skapōsai	*skapōsau
3rd singular	*skapōþi	*skapō	*skapōþau	*skapōþai	*skapōþau
1st dual	*skapōs	*skapōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skapōþiz	*skapōþiz	*skapōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*skapōmaz	*skapōm	—	*skapōnþai	*skapōnþau
2nd plural	*skapōþ	*skapōþ	*skapōþ	*skapōnþai	*skapōnþau
3rd plural	*skapōnþi	*skapōn	*skapōnþau	*skapōnþai	*skapōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skapōdǭ	*skapōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*skapōdēz	*skapōdēdīz
3rd singular	*skapōdē	*skapōdēdī
1st dual	*skapōdēdū	*skapōdēdīw
2nd dual	*skapōdēdudiz	*skapōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*skapōdēdum	*skapōdēdīm
2nd plural	*skapōdēdud	*skapōdēdīd
3rd plural	*skapōdēdun	*skapōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*skapōndz	*skapōdaz

Related terms

• *skapjaną

Descendants

Most descendants show conflation with the strong verb *skapjaną.

• Proto-West Germanic: *skapōn
  • Old English: *skapian
    • Middle English: schapen
      • English: shape
  • Old Saxon: *skapōn
    • Middle Low German: schapen
      • Low German: schapen
  • Old Dutch: skapon
    • Middle Dutch: schapen
      • Dutch: schapen
  • Old High German: skaffōn
    • Middle High German: schaffen
      • German: schaffen
        • → Low German: schaffen
        • → Dutch: schaffen
        • → Saterland Frisian: skafje, schafje
        • → Danish: skaffe
        • → Faroese: skaffa
        • → Swedish: skaffa
• Old Norse: skapa
  • Icelandic: skapa, skepja
  • Faroese: skapa
  • Norwegian Bokmål: skape
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: skape, skapa
  • Old Swedish: skapa
    • Swedish: skapa
  • Danish: skabe