Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skūrō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology 1

Of disputed origin:

• From a Proto-Indo-European root variously reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱēwer- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”) or Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱyeh₂w- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”), in the latter case in the ablaut form *(s)ḱyh̥₂u-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sě̀verъ (“north”), Lithuanian šiaurỹs (“north wind”) and Lithuanian šiáurė (“north”). This theory is tentatively supported by Orel, but rejected by Kroonen, apparently due to the rather tenuous semantics.
• From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱew- (“to stir up, excite”); or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)
• According to Kroonen, from an earlier *skewur, from Proto-Indo-European *skéh₃-ur, the ur-stem of *(s)ḱeh₃- (“shade, shadow”) (which Kroonen reconstructs as *skeh₁-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskuː.rɔː/

Noun

*skūrō f

2. storm

   Synonym: *sturmaz

4. short shower (of rain / hail)

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *skūrō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skūrō	*skūrôz
vocative	*skūrō	*skūrôz
accusative	*skūrǭ	*skūrōz
genitive	*skūrōz	*skūrǫ̂
dative	*skūrōi	*skūrōmaz
instrumental	*skūrō	*skūrōmiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skūru
  • Old English: sċūr f (if not a spurious gender change of *skūr)
    • Middle English: schour, schoure, schowre, schoure, shour, shoure, shower, showre, scur, shur (Early Middle English)
      • English: shower
      • Scots: shour, shouer, shoor, shooer
• Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍂𐌰 (skūra)
• → Proto-Finnic: *kuuro (see there for further descendants)
• →? Finnish: kuura

Etymology 2

Related to an earlier *sku(w)enjō- (whence modern German Scheune (“barn”)), from *sku(w)en-, possibly from the dative form *sku(w)eni, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *skuH-ro-, from *(s)kewH- (“to cover”), related to Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “he covers, protects”). Alternatively, the pre-form *sku(w)enjō- is considered by Kroonen to stem from the same root as the "shower" sense of Etymology 1.

Noun

*skūrō f

2. shelter, shack

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *skūrō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skūrō	*skūrôz
vocative	*skūrō	*skūrôz
accusative	*skūrǭ	*skūrōz
genitive	*skūrōz	*skūrǫ̂
dative	*skūrōi	*skūrōmaz
instrumental	*skūrō	*skūrōmiz

Related terms

• *hūsą (“house”)
• *skeulą (“shelter, hiding place”)
• *skiulijaną (“to shelter, hide”)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skūru
  • Old Frisian: skūre
    • West Frisian: skuorre
  • Old Saxon: skūr
    • Middle Low German: schūr, schure, schüre
      • Low German: Schüür
      • → Estonian: kuur
      • →? Old Norse: *skúrr
        • Icelandic: skúr
        • Norwegian Nynorsk: skur
    • → Old High German: scūr (probably; perhaps native)
      • Middle High German: schūr
        • German: Schauer (dialectal)
  • Old Dutch: skūra
    • Middle Dutch: scūre
      • Dutch: schuur
        • Afrikaans: skuur
  • Old High German: skiura, skūra
    • Middle High German: schiure, schūre
      • German: Scheuer
      • Transylvanian Saxon: Schyre, Schure
        • → Romanian: șură
    • → Italian: scuro
    • → Old French: escure
  • Salian Frankish: *screunu (mixed with the word which is now German Scheune, or this represents a different oblique stem)
    • → Medieval Latin: screona, screuna
    • → Old French: escriene, escraingne, escrienne, escrainge, ecrene, escreigne
      • Middle French: escriegne, escraigne, escrangne, escregne, escrene, escrenne, ecreigne, ecraigne
        • French: écrenne, écraigne (obsolete, a sort of underground, insulated peasant house, covered with manure)