Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skiulijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *skūlijaną

Etymology

*skeulą (“shelter”) +‎ *-ijaną (“verbal suffix”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskiu.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skiulijaną

1. to shelter, hide

Inflection

Conjugation of *skiulijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skiulijō	*skiulijaų	—	*skiulijai	?
2nd singular	*skiulīsi	*skiulijais	*skiulī	*skiulijasai	*skiulijaisau
3rd singular	*skiulīþi	*skiulijai	*skiulijaþau	*skiulijaþai	*skiulijaiþau
1st dual	*skiulijōs	*skiulijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skiulijaþiz	*skiulijaiþiz	*skiulijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*skiulijamaz	*skiulijaim	—	*skiulijanþai	*skiulijainþau
2nd plural	*skiulīþ	*skiulijaiþ	*skiulīþ	*skiulijanþai	*skiulijainþau
3rd plural	*skiulijanþi	*skiulijain	*skiulijanþau	*skiulijanþai	*skiulijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skiulidǭ	*skiulidēdį̄
2nd singular	*skiulidēz	*skiulidēdīz
3rd singular	*skiulidē	*skiulidēdī
1st dual	*skiulidēdū	*skiulidēdīw
2nd dual	*skiulidēdudiz	*skiulidēdīdiz
1st plural	*skiulidēdum	*skiulidēdīm
2nd plural	*skiulidēdud	*skiulidēdīd
3rd plural	*skiulidēdun	*skiulidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*skiulijandz	*skiulidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skūlijan
  • ⇒ Old Frisian: skūlia (perhaps derived from skūl (“hiding-place”))
    • Saterland Frisian: sküülje
    • West Frisian: skûlje
  • Old Saxon: *skūlian
    • Middle Low German: schûlen, schulen
      • German Low German: schulen
  • Old Dutch: *skūlen
    • Middle Dutch: sculen
      • Dutch: schuilen
  • Old High German: *skūlen
    • Middle High German: schūlen
      • German: (archaic) schaulen
• Old Norse: skýla
  • Icelandic: skýla
  • Swedish: skyla
  • Danish: skjule
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: skjule
  • Norn: skỳl