Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naudiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w-tí-s, a *ti- stem related to the root of *nawiz (“corpse”). See also Old Norse neyða (“to force”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (nauþjan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɑu̯.ðiz/

Noun

*naudiz f

1. need
2. trouble, distress
3. compulsion, force
4. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚾ (n)

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *naudiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*naudiz	*naudīz
vocative	*naudi	*naudīz
accusative	*naudį	*naudinz
genitive	*naudīz	*naudijǫ̂
dative	*naudī	*naudimaz
instrumental	*naudī	*naudimiz

Derived terms

• *naudijaną

Related terms

• *nawaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *naudi
  • Old English: nīed, nȳd, nēd, nēad
    • Middle English: nede
      • English: need
      • Scots: nede
  • Old Frisian: nēd, nād
    • North Frisian: nud
    • Saterland Frisian: Nood
    • West Frisian: need
  • Old Saxon: nōd
    • Middle Low German: nōt
      • Westphalian:

        Sauerländisch: nôd

        Westmünsterländisch: Nood

      • Plautdietsch: Noot
  • Old Dutch: *nōd
    • Middle Dutch: nôot
      • Dutch: nood
        • Afrikaans: nood
      • Limburgish: noead
  • Old High German: nōt
    • Middle High German: nōt
      • German: Not
      • Luxembourgish: Nout
      • Yiddish: נויט (noyt)
• Proto-Norse: *ᚾᚨᚢᛞᛁᛉ (naudiz)
  • Old Norse: nauð, nauðr, neyð
    • Icelandic: nauð, neyð
    • Faroese: neyð
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: naud
    • Old Swedish: nø̄þ
      • Swedish: nöd
    • Danish: nød
      • Norwegian Bokmål: nød
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: nød
• Gothic: 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (nauþs)