Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krīskaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *grey- (“to shout”), which appears to be related to *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”); see also *krēaną (“to crow, shout”), *krītaną (“to call out, scream”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkriːskɑnɑ̃/

Verb

*krīskaną (West Germanic)

1. to scream, shout, screech

Inflection

Conjugation of *krīskaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*krīskō	*krīskaų	—	*krīskai	?
2nd singular	*krīskizi	*krīskaiz	*krīsk	*krīskazai	*krīskaizau
3rd singular	*krīskidi	*krīskai	*krīskadau	*krīskadai	*krīskaidau
1st dual	*krīskōz	*krīskaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*krīskadiz	*krīskaidiz	*krīskadiz	—	—
1st plural	*krīskamaz	*krīskaim	—	*krīskandai	*krīskaindau
2nd plural	*krīskid	*krīskaid	*krīskid	*krīskandai	*krīskaindau
3rd plural	*krīskandi	*krīskain	*krīskandau	*krīskandai	*krīskaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kraisk	*kriskį̄
2nd singular	*kraist	*kriskīz
3rd singular	*kraisk	*kriskī
1st dual	*kriskū	*kriskīw
2nd dual	*kriskudiz	*kriskīdiz
1st plural	*kriskum	*kriskīm
2nd plural	*kriskud	*kriskīd
3rd plural	*kriskun	*kriskīn
	present	past
participles	*krīskandz	*kriskanaz

Related terms

• *krītaną
• *krīstaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *krīskan
  • Old Saxon: *krīskan
    • Middle Low German: krîschen, krissen, krisken, kreisen, krêsen
  • Old Dutch: *crīscan
    • Middle Dutch: criscen, crischen
      • Dutch: krijsen
        • Afrikaans: krys
        • West Frisian: krieze
          • ⇒ West Frisian: kryskje
      • Limburgish: kriesje, kriese
  • → Old French: crincier
    • Middle French: crincier
      • French: crincer
    • ⇒ Old French: recrincier
    • ⇒ Old French: crinçon
  • Old High German: *krīskan
    • Middle High German: krīschen
      • German: kreischen (weak, probably through merger with the causative < MHG kreischen)
      • Central Franconian: kriesche, kreische
        • Luxembourgish: kräischen
        • Hunsrik: kreische