Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klappōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *klapōną

Etymology

Onomatopoeic and influenced by (or related to) verbs such as *klupjaną (“to grip, grasp, clasp”), analyzable as *klappaz (“a hit, clap”) +‎ *-ōną (“denominal suffix”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *klepati (“to knock, clap”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈklɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*klappōną

1. To clap, strike or pound (especially two things against each other)
2. To make loud noises, especially breathing or pulsating.
3. To chatter.

Inflection

Conjugation of *klappōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klappō	*klappǭ	—	*klappōi	?
2nd singular	*klappōsi	*klappōs	*klappō	*klappōsai	*klappōsau
3rd singular	*klappōþi	*klappō	*klappōþau	*klappōþai	*klappōþau
1st dual	*klappōs	*klappōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*klappōþiz	*klappōþiz	*klappōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*klappōmaz	*klappōm	—	*klappōnþai	*klappōnþau
2nd plural	*klappōþ	*klappōþ	*klappōþ	*klappōnþai	*klappōnþau
3rd plural	*klappōnþi	*klappōn	*klappōnþau	*klappōnþai	*klappōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klappōdǭ	*klappōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*klappōdēz	*klappōdēdīz
3rd singular	*klappōdē	*klappōdēdī
1st dual	*klappōdēdū	*klappōdēdīw
2nd dual	*klappōdēdudiz	*klappōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*klappōdēdum	*klappōdēdīm
2nd plural	*klappōdēdud	*klappōdēdīd
3rd plural	*klappōdēdun	*klappōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*klappōndz	*klappōdaz

Related terms

• *klappą
• *klappaz
• *klipjaną
• *kluppōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *klappōn
  • Old English: clappian
    • Middle English: clappen
      • English: clap
      • Scots: clap
  • Old Frisian: klappia
    • Saterland Frisian: klappe
    • West Frisian: klappe
  • Old Saxon: *klappōn (klapōn)
    • Middle Low German: klappen
      • German Low German: klappen
      • → German: klappen
  • Old Dutch: *klappon
    • Middle Dutch: clappen
      • Dutch: klappen
        • Afrikaans: klap
  • Old High German: klaffōn, klapfōn, chlaphōn (← *klapōną)
    • Middle High German: klaffen, klapfen
      • German: klaffen
• Old Norse: klappa
  • Icelandic: klappa
  • Faroese: klappa
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: klappa
  • Swedish: klappa
  • Danish: klappe
    • Norwegian Bokmål: klappe
  • → Old French: claper, clapper
    • Middle French: clapper
      • French: clapper