Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnuttōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*hnuddōną

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxnut.tɔː.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

*hnuttōną^[1]

To beat

Inflection

Conjugation of *hnuttōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hnuttō	*hnuttǭ	—	*hnuttōi	?
2nd singular	*hnuttōsi	*hnuttōs	*hnuttō	*hnuttōsai	*hnuttōsau
3rd singular	*hnuttōþi	*hnuttō	*hnuttōþau	*hnuttōþai	*hnuttōþau
1st dual	*hnuttōs	*hnuttōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnuttōþiz	*hnuttōþiz	*hnuttōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnuttōmaz	*hnuttōm	—	*hnuttōnþai	*hnuttōnþau
2nd plural	*hnuttōþ	*hnuttōþ	*hnuttōþ	*hnuttōnþai	*hnuttōnþau
3rd plural	*hnuttōnþi	*hnuttōn	*hnuttōnþau	*hnuttōnþai	*hnuttōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnuttōdǭ	*hnuttōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hnuttōdēz	*hnuttōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hnuttōdē	*hnuttōdēdī
1st dual	*hnuttōdēdū	*hnuttōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hnuttōdēdudiz	*hnuttōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hnuttōdēdum	*hnuttōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hnuttōdēdud	*hnuttōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hnuttōdēdun	*hnuttōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hnuttōndz	*hnuttōdaz

Descendants

Old High German:
- Middle High German:
  - German: nussen (Hessian)
Old Norse: hnoða
- Icelandic: hnoða

Etymology 2

Perhaps related to *hneudaną (“to thrust; hit; pound”).^[2]

Verb

*hnuttōną^[2]

To shake

Inflection

Conjugation of *hnuttōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hnuttō	*hnuttǭ	—	*hnuttōi	?
2nd singular	*hnuttōsi	*hnuttōs	*hnuttō	*hnuttōsai	*hnuttōsau
3rd singular	*hnuttōþi	*hnuttō	*hnuttōþau	*hnuttōþai	*hnuttōþau
1st dual	*hnuttōs	*hnuttōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnuttōþiz	*hnuttōþiz	*hnuttōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnuttōmaz	*hnuttōm	—	*hnuttōnþai	*hnuttōnþau
2nd plural	*hnuttōþ	*hnuttōþ	*hnuttōþ	*hnuttōnþai	*hnuttōnþau
3rd plural	*hnuttōnþi	*hnuttōn	*hnuttōnþau	*hnuttōnþai	*hnuttōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnuttōdǭ	*hnuttōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hnuttōdēz	*hnuttōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hnuttōdē	*hnuttōdēdī
1st dual	*hnuttōdēdū	*hnuttōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hnuttōdēdudiz	*hnuttōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hnuttōdēdum	*hnuttōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hnuttōdēdud	*hnuttōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hnuttōdēdun	*hnuttōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hnuttōndz	*hnuttōdaz

Descendants

Old English:
- Middle English: nodden
  - English: nod
Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch: noten (“to mate (of animals)”)
Old High German: hnotōn
- Middle High German: notten
  - German: nottelen (Lorraine)
Old Norse:
- Elfdalian: noðå

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hnutt/dōn 1-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hnutt/dōn 2-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238

[Kroonen_1-1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hnutt/dōn 1-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238

[Kroonen_2-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hnutt/dōn 2-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238

[1]

[2]