Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlēwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *hlēwijaz

Etymology

From the same root of the synonym *hliwjaz as well as possibly *hlewą (“shelter”) (but see Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw for an alternative), further uncertain:

• from Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-wós, from the root *ḱelh₁- ~ *ḱleh₁- (“warm, hot”). Cognate with Lithuanian šiltas (“warm”), Latin calor (“warmth, heat”), Welsh clyd (“warm, cozy”).
• a vṛddhi derivative of *hlew- (“(to) clean, bathe?”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewH- (“to clean”), whence also *hlūtraz. However, even allowing for the semantic gap, the unextended root is not found in Germanic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxlɛː.wɑz/

Adjective

*hlēwaz

1. lukewarm

Inflection

Declension of *hlēwaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*hlēwaz	*hlēwō	*hlēwą, -atō		*hlēwai	*hlēwôz	*hlēwō
accusative	*hlēwanǭ	*hlēwǭ	*hlēwą, -atō		*hlēwanz	*hlēwōz	*hlēwō
genitive	*hlēwas, -is	*hlēwaizōz	*hlēwas, -is		*hlēwaizǫ̂	*hlēwaizǫ̂	*hlēwaizǫ̂
dative	*hlēwammai	*hlēwaizōi	*hlēwammai		*hlēwaimaz	*hlēwaimaz	*hlēwaimaz
instrumental	*hlēwanō	*hlēwaizō	*hlēwanō		*hlēwaimiz	*hlēwaimiz	*hlēwaimiz
Weak declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*hlēwô	*hlēwǭ	*hlēwô		*hlēwaniz	*hlēwōniz	*hlēwōnō
accusative	*hlēwanų	*hlēwōnų	*hlēwô		*hlēwanunz	*hlēwōnunz	*hlēwōnō
genitive	*hlēwiniz	*hlēwōniz	*hlēwiniz		*hlēwanǫ̂	*hlēwōnǫ̂	*hlēwanǫ̂
dative	*hlēwini	*hlēwōni	*hlēwini		*hlēwammaz	*hlēwōmaz	*hlēwammaz
instrumental	*hlēwinē	*hlēwōnē	*hlēwinē		*hlēwammiz	*hlēwōmiz	*hlēwammiz

Related terms

• *hliwjaz
• ^? *hlewą

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hlāu
  • Old English: hlēow
    • Middle English: lew, lewe
      • Scots: lew
      • English: lew
  • Old Frisian: *hliāw, *liāw
    • Saterland Frisian: ljou
    • West Frisian: lij
  • Old Saxon: *hlāo
    • Middle Low German: lau, lauw
      • German Low German: lau
  • Old Dutch: *lāo
    • Middle Dutch: lâeu, lau
      • Dutch: lauw
        • Afrikaans: lou
  • Old High German: lāo, *hlāo
    • Middle High German: lā (lāw-)
      • Alemannic German: leew
      • German: lau
  • → Old French: [Term?], flou
    • Middle French: flou
      • French: flou
    • → Middle Dutch: vlau
      • Dutch: flauw
      • → German: flau
      • → Danish: flov
• >? Old Norse: hlær (or from *hlējaz)
  • Icelandic: hlær
  • Norwegian: læ
  • Danish: læ
• → Proto-Finnic: *leevä (see there for further descendants)
• →? Proto-Finnic: *lauha (see there for further descendants)