Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hatāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hataz (“hate”) +‎ *-āną.^[1]

Verb

*hatāną

to hate

Inflection

Conjugation of *hatāną (weak class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hatō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*hataisi	?	*hatai	*hatāsai	?
3rd singular	*hataiþi	?	*hatāþau	*hatāþai	?
1st dual	*hatōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hatāþiz	?	*hatāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hatāmaz	?	—	*hatānþai	?
2nd plural	*hataiþ	?	*hataiþ	*hatānþai	?
3rd plural	*hatānþi	?	*hatānþau	*hatānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hatadǭ	*hatadēdį̄
2nd singular	*hatadēz	*hatadēdīz
3rd singular	*hatadē	*hatadēdī
1st dual	*hatadēdū	*hatadēdīw
2nd dual	*hatadēdudiz	*hatadēdīdiz
1st plural	*hatadēdum	*hatadēdīm
2nd plural	*hatadēdud	*hatadēdīd
3rd plural	*hatadēdun	*hatadēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hatāndz	*hatadaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hatēn
- Old English: hatian
  - Middle English: hatien, haten
    - English: hate
    - Scots: hate
- Old Frisian: hatia
  - Saterland Frisian: haatje, hoatje; hasje
  - West Frisian: haetjen; haatsje
- Old Saxon: hatōn
  - Middle Low German: hāten
    - German Low German: haten
- Old Dutch: haton
  - Middle Dutch: hāten
    - Dutch: haten
      - Afrikaans: haat
      - Negerhollands: hat
    - Limburgish: hate
- Old High German: hazzōn, hazzēn
  - Middle High German: hazzen
    - Cimbrian: haazan
    - German: hassen
      - → Plautdietsch: hassen, haussen
    - Luxembourgish: haassen
    - Yiddish: האַסן (hasn)
Old Norse: hata
- Icelandic: hata
- Faroese: hata
- Norn: hada
- Norwegian Bokmål: hate
- Norwegian Nynorsk: hate
- Old Swedish: hata
  - Swedish: hata
- Middle Danish: hadhe
  - Danish: hade
- Gutnish: hate, hat', hata
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌽 (hatān)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hatiz-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 214: “*hatēn-”

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hatiz-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 214: “*hatēn-”

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