Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxar.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From *harmaz (“to harm, pain”) +‎ *-janą or *harmaz (“to harmful, painful”) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*harmijaną

1. to harm, injure, pain
2. to shame

Inflection

Conjugation of *harmijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*harmijō	*harmijaų	—	*harmijai	?
2nd singular	*harmīsi	*harmijais	*harmī	*harmijasai	*harmijaisau
3rd singular	*harmīþi	*harmijai	*harmijaþau	*harmijaþai	*harmijaiþau
1st dual	*harmijōs	*harmijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*harmijaþiz	*harmijaiþiz	*harmijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*harmijamaz	*harmijaim	—	*harmijanþai	*harmijainþau
2nd plural	*harmīþ	*harmijaiþ	*harmīþ	*harmijanþai	*harmijainþau
3rd plural	*harmijanþi	*harmijain	*harmijanþau	*harmijanþai	*harmijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*harmidǭ	*harmidēdį̄
2nd singular	*harmidēz	*harmidēdīz
3rd singular	*harmidē	*harmidēdī
1st dual	*harmidēdū	*harmidēdīw
2nd dual	*harmidēdudiz	*harmidēdīdiz
1st plural	*harmidēdum	*harmidēdīm
2nd plural	*harmidēdud	*harmidēdīd
3rd plural	*harmidēdun	*harmidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*harmijandz	*harmidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *harmijan
  • Old Saxon: hermian
  • Old Dutch: hermen
  • → Old French: *harnir, *hernir, *hergner
    • Middle French: hergner
    • ⇒ Old French: hergnos (“evil, harmful”)
  • Old High German: hermen
    • Middle High German: hermen
      • German: härmen
• Old Norse: hermask
  • Icelandic: hermast
  • Swedish: härmas

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *kerh₂-, *kerh₃- (“to praise (loudly)”).

Verb

*harmijaną

1. to repeat, relate, report
2. to mimic, imitate

Inflection

Conjugation of *harmijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*harmijō	*harmijaų	—	*harmijai	?
2nd singular	*harmīsi	*harmijais	*harmī	*harmijasai	*harmijaisau
3rd singular	*harmīþi	*harmijai	*harmijaþau	*harmijaþai	*harmijaiþau
1st dual	*harmijōs	*harmijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*harmijaþiz	*harmijaiþiz	*harmijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*harmijamaz	*harmijaim	—	*harmijanþai	*harmijainþau
2nd plural	*harmīþ	*harmijaiþ	*harmīþ	*harmijanþai	*harmijainþau
3rd plural	*harmijanþi	*harmijain	*harmijanþau	*harmijanþai	*harmijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*harmidǭ	*harmidēdį̄
2nd singular	*harmidēz	*harmidēdīz
3rd singular	*harmidē	*harmidēdī
1st dual	*harmidēdū	*harmidēdīw
2nd dual	*harmidēdudiz	*harmidēdīdiz
1st plural	*harmidēdum	*harmidēdīm
2nd plural	*harmidēdud	*harmidēdīd
3rd plural	*harmidēdun	*harmidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*harmijandz	*harmidaz

Related terms

• *hrōmaz
• *hrōþiz
• *hrōþraz
• *hurjaną

Descendants

• Old Norse: herma
  • Icelandic: herma
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: herma
  • Swedish: härma
  • Danish: herme