Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grōaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to become green, grow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡrɔː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grōaną

1. to green
2. (botany) to grow

Inflection

Conjugation of *grōaną (strong class 7e)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grōō	*grōaų	—	*grōai	?
2nd singular	*grōizi	*grōaiz	*grō	*grōazai	*grōaizau
3rd singular	*grōidi	*grōai	*grōadau	*grōadai	*grōaidau
1st dual	*grōōz	*grōaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*grōadiz	*grōaidiz	*grōadiz	—	—
1st plural	*grōamaz	*grōaim	—	*grōandai	*grōaindau
2nd plural	*grōid	*grōaid	*grōid	*grōandai	*grōaindau
3rd plural	*grōandi	*grōain	*grōandau	*grōandai	*grōaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gegrō	*gegrōį̄
2nd singular	*gegrōt	*gegrōīz
3rd singular	*gegrō	*gegrōī
1st dual	*gegrōū	*gegrōīw
2nd dual	*gegrōudiz	*gegrōīdiz
1st plural	*gegrōum	*gegrōīm
2nd plural	*gegrōud	*gegrōīd
3rd plural	*gegrōun	*gegrōīn
	present	past
participles	*grōandz	*grōanaz

Usage notes

Originally, this word probably referred only to the growing of plants, not to growth in general. The more usual words for general growing were probably *wahsijaną and *aukaną.

Related terms

• *grasą
• *grōiz
• *grōniz
• *grōdiz
• *grōþijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *grōan
  • Old English: grōwan
    • Middle English: growen
      • Scots: grow
      • English: grow
  • Old Frisian: grōwa, grōa, grōia
    • North Frisian: growen, grojen
    • Saterland Frisian: groie, groaie
    • West Frisian: groeie
  • Old Saxon: *grōian
    • Middle Low German: grôjen, grôen
      • German Low German: grojen
  • Old Dutch: gruoien
    • Middle Dutch: groeyen
      • Dutch: groeien
        • Afrikaans: groei
      • Limburgish: gröjje
  • Old High German: gruoen
    • Middle High German: grüejen
• Old Norse: gróa
  • Icelandic: gróa
  • Faroese: gróa, grógva
  • Norwegian: gro
  • Old Swedish: grōa
    • Swedish: gro
  • Danish: gro