Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ganganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ- (“to walk, step”). Cognate with Lithuanian žeñgti (“to step”), as well as perhaps Sanskrit जंगहे (jaṃgahe).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*ganganą

1. to go, walk, step

   Synonym: *gāną

Inflection

Conjugation of *ganganą (strong class 7c)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gangō	*gangaų	—	*gangai	?
2nd singular	*gangizi	*gangaiz	*gang	*gangazai	*gangaizau
3rd singular	*gangidi	*gangai	*gangadau	*gangadai	*gangaidau
1st dual	*gangōz	*gangaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gangadiz	*gangaidiz	*gangadiz	—	—
1st plural	*gangamaz	*gangaim	—	*gangandai	*gangaindau
2nd plural	*gangid	*gangaid	*gangid	*gangandai	*gangaindau
3rd plural	*gangandi	*gangain	*gangandau	*gangandai	*gangaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gegang	*gegangį̄
2nd singular	*geganht	*gegangīz
3rd singular	*gegang	*gegangī
1st dual	*gegangū	*gegangīw
2nd dual	*gegangudiz	*gegangīdiz
1st plural	*gegangum	*gegangīm
2nd plural	*gegangud	*gegangīd
3rd plural	*gegangun	*gegangīn
	present	past
participles	*gangandz	*ganganaz

Derived terms

• *biganganą
• *furaiganganą
• *gagin (possibly)
• *gangaz
• *gangijaną
• *gangijô
• *gangiją
• *gangilaz
• *gangiz
• *gangulaz
• *gangǭ
• *ganhtaz
• *ganhtiz
• *innganganą
• *uberganganą
• *umbiganganą
• *uzganganą
• *wiþraganganą

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gangan
  • Old English: gangan, gongan, gancgan
    • Middle English: gangen, gongen
      • English: gang
      • Scots: gang
  • Old Frisian: ganga, gunga
    • Saterland Frisian: gunge (“in part”)
  • Old Saxon: gangan
    • Middle Low German: gangen
  • Old Dutch: *gangan
    • Middle Dutch: gangen (only in rhyme)
  • Old High German: gangan
    • Middle High German: gangen
      • Swabian: ganga
      • ⇒ Central Franconian: jeng, jejange; jank (suppletive past forms and imperative of john)
      • ⇒ German: ging, gegangen (suppletive past forms of gehen)
• Old Norse: ganga
  • Icelandic: ganga
  • Faroese: ganga
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ganga; (dialectal) gånga, gå
  • Dalian: ganga
  • Old Swedish: ganga
    • Swedish: gånga (archaic)
  • Danish: gange (archaic)
    • Norwegian Bokmål: gange (archaic)
  • Old Gutnish: ganga
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gaggan) (suppletive past tense from *gāną: 𐌹𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰 (iddja))