Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fulgāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly originated as a compound of the roots of *fullaz (“full”) and *gāną (“to go”), with a sense of "full-going". This could have shifted to a meaning of "to serve, go with as an attendant" (compare also fulfill). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Alternatively, may be derived from a Proto-Indo-European *pelḱ-, *polḱ- (“to turn, twist, wind”), which itself might have merged with another verb to form Proto-Germanic *felhaną (“to conceal”, but also “to go, proceed”).

Verb

*fulgāną

1. to follow

Inflection

Conjugation of *fulgāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fulgō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*fulgaisi	?	*fulgai	*fulgāsai	?
3rd singular	*fulgaiþi	?	*fulgāþau	*fulgāþai	?
1st dual	*fulgōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fulgāþiz	?	*fulgāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*fulgāmaz	?	—	*fulgānþai	?
2nd plural	*fulgaiþ	?	*fulgaiþ	*fulgānþai	?
3rd plural	*fulgānþi	?	*fulgānþau	*fulgānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fulgadǭ	*fulgadēdį̄
2nd singular	*fulgadēz	*fulgadēdīz
3rd singular	*fulgadē	*fulgadēdī
1st dual	*fulgadēdū	*fulgadēdīw
2nd dual	*fulgadēdudiz	*fulgadēdīdiz
1st plural	*fulgadēdum	*fulgadēdīm
2nd plural	*fulgadēdud	*fulgadēdīd
3rd plural	*fulgadēdun	*fulgadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*fulgāndz	*fulgadaz

Related terms

• *felhaną (possibly)
• *fulgijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *folgēn
  • Old English: folgian
    • Middle English: folwen
      • English: follow
      • Scots: follae, folȝe, folow, falow
  • Old Frisian: folgia, fulgia, folia
    • Saterland Frisian: foulgje
    • West Frisian: folgje
  • Old Saxon: folgon, fulgon
    • Middle Low German: volgen
      • German Low German: folgen
  • Old Dutch: folgon
    • Middle Dutch: volgen
      • Dutch: volgen
        • Afrikaans: volg
        • Negerhollands: volg, folok, folk
        • → Saramaccan: flakka, faáka
      • Limburgish: vólge
  • Old High German: folgēn, folkēn
    • Middle High German: volgen
      • Alemannic German: folge
      • Bavarian: foign

        Cimbrian: vòlgan, bòlgan (Mezzaselva)

        Mòcheno: volng

      • German: folgen
      • Luxembourgish: follegen
      • Yiddish: פֿאָלגן (folgn)
• Old Norse: fulger (attested once)
  • Old Swedish: folger