Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flōaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *flōwaną
• *flōāną (weak verb)

Etymology

Possibly from a pre-form *plōw-, the lengthened o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European *plew-. Alternatively from *pleh₃-.

Kroonen explains the alternation between -w- (in Anglo-Saxon) and -j- (in Low German) as a result of hiatus after the regular loss of *u after *ō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸlɔː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*flōaną

1. to flow

Inflection

Conjugation of *flōaną (strong class 7e)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*flōō	*flōaų	—	*flōai	?
2nd singular	*flōizi	*flōaiz	*flō	*flōazai	*flōaizau
3rd singular	*flōidi	*flōai	*flōadau	*flōadai	*flōaidau
1st dual	*flōōz	*flōaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*flōadiz	*flōaidiz	*flōadiz	—	—
1st plural	*flōamaz	*flōaim	—	*flōandai	*flōaindau
2nd plural	*flōid	*flōaid	*flōid	*flōandai	*flōaindau
3rd plural	*flōandi	*flōain	*flōandau	*flōandai	*flōaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*feflō	*feflōį̄
2nd singular	*feflōt	*feflōīz
3rd singular	*feflō	*feflōī
1st dual	*feflōū	*feflōīw
2nd dual	*feflōudiz	*feflōīdiz
1st plural	*feflōum	*feflōīm
2nd plural	*feflōud	*feflōīd
3rd plural	*feflōun	*feflōīn
	present	past
participles	*flōandz	*flōanaz

Derived terms

• *flōô
  • Old Norse: flói
    • Icelandic: flói
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: flo (“puddle, pool”)
    • Swedish: (dialectal) floe, flo (“puddle, pool”)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *flōan
  • Old English: flōwan
    • Middle English: flowen
      • English: flow
      • Scots: flow, flou
  • Old Frisian: *flōja
    • Saterland Frisian: flouje
    • West Frisian: floeie
  • Old Saxon: *flōian
    • Middle Low German: vlôien, vlôigen, vlôgen
      • Low German: floien, flojen
  • Old Dutch: *fluoien
    • Middle Dutch: vloeyen
      • Dutch: vloeien
        • Afrikaans: vloei
  • Old High German: flouwen, flawjan, flawen, flewen
    • Middle High German: flæjen, vlæjen, vlæen, vlæn
      • German: flaien
• Old Norse: flóa
  • Icelandic: flóa
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: flo
  • Swedish: floa (dialectal)