Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreusaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewHs- (“to fall down, break off”).^[1] Cognate with Russian дры́хнуть (drýxnutʹ, “to sleep”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdreu̯.sɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*dreusaną^[1]^[3]

to fall

Inflection

Conjugation of *dreusaną (strong class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*dreusō	*dreusaų	—	*dreusai	?
2nd singular	*driusizi	*dreusaiz	*dreus	*dreusazai	*dreusaizau
3rd singular	*driusidi	*dreusai	*dreusadau	*dreusadai	*dreusaidau
1st dual	*dreusōz	*dreusaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*dreusadiz	*dreusaidiz	*dreusadiz	—	—
1st plural	*dreusamaz	*dreusaim	—	*dreusandai	*dreusaindau
2nd plural	*driusid	*dreusaid	*driusid	*dreusandai	*dreusaindau
3rd plural	*dreusandi	*dreusain	*dreusandau	*dreusandai	*dreusaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*draus	*druzį̄
2nd singular	*draust	*druzīz
3rd singular	*draus	*druzī
1st dual	*druzū	*druzīw
2nd dual	*druzudiz	*druzīdiz
1st plural	*druzum	*druzīm
2nd plural	*druzud	*druzīd
3rd plural	*druzun	*druzīn

	present	past
participles	*dreusandz	*druzanaz

Derived terms

Related terms

*drūsijaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *dreusan
- Old English: drēosan
  - Middle English: drēsen
    - English: drowse
- Old Saxon: driosan
  - Middle Low German: *drusen
    - Low German: drusen, drusken
- Old Dutch: *driosan
  - ⇒ Middle Dutch: druschen, druyschen
    - Dutch: druisen
      - Afrikaans: druis
Old Norse: *drjósa
- Norwegian Bokmål: drysse
- Norwegian Nynorsk: drjose, drysse
- Old Danish: drysa
  - Danish: drysse
- Swedish: drösa
Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (driusan)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*dreusan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*drūsēn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 105
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*dreusanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*dreusan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*drūsēn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 105

[3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*dreusanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76

[1]

[2]

[3]