Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/deuzą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewsóm, a vṛddhi formation based on *dʰwes- (“to breathe”), which also led to Lithuanian dvēsti, Latvian dvēsele, Proto-Slavic *duša (whence Russian душа́ (dušá)), and possibly Latin bēstia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdeu̯.zɑ̃/

Noun

*deuzą n

1. (wild) animal, beast

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *deuzą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*deuzą	*deuzō
vocative	*deuzą	*deuzō
accusative	*deuzą	*deuzō
genitive	*deuzas, *diuzis	*deuzǫ̂
dative	*deuzai	*deuzamaz
instrumental	*deuzō	*deuzamiz

Related terms

• *deuzaz
• *dusāną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *deuʀ
  • Old English: dīor, dēor
    • Middle English: deor, deure, dure, dier, dere
      • Scots: dere, deir
      • English: deer
  • Old Frisian: diār, diēr
    • North Frisian: dier
      • North Frisian: Diirt (Sylt)
    • Saterland Frisian: Diert (possibly borrowed from Middle Low German)
    • West Frisian: djier (obsolete), dier
  • Old Saxon: dior
    • Middle Low German: dēr, dēre, dērt, deirt, dêrd
      • Dutch Low Saxon: diert
      • German Low German: Deer, Deert, Dird, Dairt, Duert, Diert, Dirt, Dier
  • Old Dutch: dier
    • Middle Dutch: dier
      • Dutch: dier
  • Old High German: tior
    • Middle High German: tier
      • Alemannic German:

        Alsatian: Tier

      • Central Franconian:

        Hunsrik: Dier

        Kölsch: Deer, Dier

      • East Central German:

        Upper Saxon German: Dier

      • German: Tier
        • → Plautdietsch: Tier, Tiea
      • Luxembourgish: Déier
      • Rhine Franconian:

        Hessian: Déier

• Proto-Norse: *ᛞᛖᚢᛉᚨ (*deuʀa)
  • Old West Norse: dýr, djór
    • Icelandic: dýr
    • Faroese: dýr, djór
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: dyr
  • Old East Norse: diūʀ
    • Old Swedish: diūr, ᚦᛁᚢᚱ
      • Swedish: djur
    • Old Danish: diūr
      • Danish: dyr, (obsolete) djur
        • Norwegian Bokmål: dyr
  • Old Gutnish: diaur
    • Gutnish: djaur
  • → Proto-Samic: *tivrē (see there for further descendants)
• Gothic: 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃 (dius)