Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/butmaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *budmaz, *budmô, *buttmô

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn, gen. *bʰudʰmnós. According to Kroonen, the -m- had been dissimilated in the genitive already in Proto-Indo-European, giving Sanskrit बुध्न (budhna) and Latin fundus, resulting in a Germanic paradigm of *budm-, *butt-, which then gave rise to other variants.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbut.mɑz/

Noun

*butmaz m

1. bottom; foundation
2. ground
3. abyss

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *butmaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*butmaz	*butmōz, *butmōs
vocative	*butm	*butmōz, *butmōs
accusative	*butmą	*butmanz
genitive	*butmas, *butmis	*butmǫ̂
dative	*butmai	*butmamaz
instrumental	*butmō	*butmamiz

Descendants

The original paradigm of *budm-, *butm- allowed for different leveling among the daughter languages.

• Proto-West Germanic: *botm, *bodm
  • Old English: bodan, botm
    • Middle English: botme, botom, botome, bothom, bothum, botham, bothme, botym, bottum, butme, boþem
      • English: bottom, botton (dialectal)
        • → Dutch: bottom
        • → French: bottom
      • Scots: boddem, boddum, boddam, boddom, bottome
      • Yola: bothom
      • ⇒ Middle English: bum (syncopated)
        • English: bum
        • Scots: bum
  • Old Frisian: bodem, boden
    • North Frisian: bom
    • Saterland Frisian: Boudem
    • West Frisian: beame (archaic), boaiem, boom
  • Old Saxon: bodom
    • Middle Low German: bōdeme, bodem, boddeme, boddem, bodden
      • German Low German: Bodden, Borrn, Baam

        Münsterländisch: Buodden

      • Plautdietsch: Boddem
  • Old Dutch: *bodom
    • Middle Dutch: bodem
      • Dutch: bodem, (obsolete) boom, (obsolete) boôm
        • Afrikaans: bodem
        • → Papiamentu: bòm, boom
      • Limburgish: boeadem, baom
  • Old High German: bodam, podam
    • Middle High German: bodem, boden
      • German: Boden
      • Hunsrik: Boddem
      • Luxembourgish: Buedem
• Old Norse: botn
  • Icelandic: botn
  • Faroese: botnur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: botn
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: botn
  • Norwegian Bokmål: bånn
  • Old Swedish: butn, botn
    • Swedish: botten
  • Old Danish: botn, bon
    • Danish: bund
      • Norwegian Bokmål: bunn
  • Elfdalian: buottn
  • Gutnish: buttn
  • Scanian: bónð
  • → Proto-Samic: *ponnē:
    • Western Samic:
      • Southern Sami: bädnie
      • Ume Sami: bådˈnee
      • Pite Sami: påtnie
      • Northern Sami: bodni
    • Eastern Samic:
      • Inari Sami: ponne
      • Skolt Sami: påʹnn
      • Akkala Sami: поннҍ (ponn’)
      • Kildin Sami: поаннҍ (pånn’)
      • Ter Sami: ponne