Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brannijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *brinnaną (“to burn”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbrɑn.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brannijaną^[1]^[2]

to cause to burn, to set on fire

Inflection

Conjugation of *brannijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*brannijō	*brannijaų	—	*brannijai	?
2nd singular	*brannīsi	*brannijais	*brannī	*brannijasai	*brannijaisau
3rd singular	*brannīþi	*brannijai	*brannijaþau	*brannijaþai	*brannijaiþau
1st dual	*brannijōs	*brannijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*brannijaþiz	*brannijaiþiz	*brannijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*brannijamaz	*brannijaim	—	*brannijanþai	*brannijainþau
2nd plural	*brannīþ	*brannijaiþ	*brannīþ	*brannijanþai	*brannijainþau
3rd plural	*brannijanþi	*brannijain	*brannijanþau	*brannijanþai	*brannijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brannidǭ	*brannidēdį̄
2nd singular	*brannidēz	*brannidēdīz
3rd singular	*brannidē	*brannidēdī
1st dual	*brannidēdū	*brannidēdīw
2nd dual	*brannidēdudiz	*brannidēdīdiz
1st plural	*brannidēdum	*brannidēdīm
2nd plural	*brannidēdud	*brannidēdīd
3rd plural	*brannidēdun	*brannidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*brannijandz	*brannidaz

Descendants

Many of these descendants have become conflated with the base verb *brinnaną.

Proto-West Germanic: *brannijan
- Old English: bærnan, *brænnan
  - Middle English: brennen
    - English: bren
    - Scots: brenn, bren, brend
- Old Frisian: berna, barna
  - ⇒ Saterland Frisian: baanje, baddenje
  - West Frisian: baarne, barne, brâne
- Old Saxon: brennian
  - Middle Low German: bernen
    - Low German: brennen, brannen
- Old Dutch: brennen
  - Middle Dutch: bernen, barnen
    - Dutch: barnen
    - Limburgish: borre
    - ⇒ Middle Dutch: branden (backformation)
      - Dutch: branden
      - Limburgish: branje, brenje
- Old High German: brennen
  - Middle High German: brennen
    - Bavarian: brenna
    - German: brennen
    - Luxembourgish: brennen
    - Yiddish: ברענען (brenen)
Old Norse: brenna, brinna — Old East Norse
- Icelandic: brenna
- Faroese: brenna
- Norwegian: brenna, brenne
- Elfdalian: brinna
- Old Swedish: brinna
  - Swedish: brinna
- Old Danish: brinnæ, brænnæ
  - Danish: brænde
  - Scanian: brænða
- Gutnish: brinne
Gothic: *𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*brannjan)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*brannjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*brannjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 54

[Kroonen-1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*brannjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74

[Orel-2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*brannjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 54

[1]

[2]