Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/akwisī

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From apparent pre-Germanic *h₂egʷésih₂ (“axe”), which along with Ancient Greek ἀξῑ́νη (axī́nē) and Latin ascia is probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-European language. Compare also Akkadian 𒍏𒄩𒍣𒅔 (ḫaṣṣinnum), Aramaic חצינא (ḥăṣṣīnā).

Noun

*akwisī f

1. axe

   Synonyms: *adisô, *bardō, *bardǭ, *bīþlaz

Inflection

Ablaut was preserved in this noun: full-grade -wi- in the nominative and vocative alternated with zero-grade -u- in the rest of the paradigm.

ī/jō-stemDeclension of *akwisī (ī/jō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*akwisī	*akuzijôz
vocative	*akwisī	*akuzijôz
accusative	*akuzijǭ	*akuzijōz
genitive	*akuzijōz	*akuzijǫ̂
dative	*akuzijōi	*akuzijōmaz
instrumental	*akuzijō	*akuzijōmiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *akusi
  • Old English: æx, æces, acas, eax
    • Middle English: ax, axe, ex, exe, æxæ, æxe
      • English: axe, ax
      • Scots: aix
  • Old Frisian: axa
    • Saterland Frisian: Äkse
  • Old Saxon: akus
    • Middle Low German: axe, ēxe, akes
      • Low German: Ax, Äx, Ex
        • Westphalian:

          Märkisch: Akes

      • Plautdietsch: Akjs
  • Old Dutch: *akus, *acus
    • Middle Dutch: aex
      • Dutch: aks, akst
  • Old High German: ackis, ackus
    • Middle High German: ackes, aks, ax, axt
      • German: Axt
      • Luxembourgish: Aaxt
• Old Norse: øx, ǫx
  • Icelandic: öxi, exi, öx
  • Faroese: øks
  • Norwegian Bokmål: øks
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: øks
  • Old Swedish: øx, øxa
    • Swedish: yxa
  • Old Danish: øx, øxæ
    • Danish: økse
  • Elfdalian: öks
  • Old Gutnish: yxi
    • Gutnish: yx
  • Scanian: yğsa
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌹 (aqizi)
• → Proto-Samic: *ākšōjō (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Slavic: *okъša, *okъšy (see there for further descendants)