Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bardǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *bardō
• *barduz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰ- or *bʰordʰ-, probably from *bʰer-, *bʰor- (“to protrude; bristle, spike, tip, awn”); compare *baraz for the unextended root.
Sometimes considered a derivative of *bardaz (“beard”), as if meaning “beard-shaped tool”, though the direction could be the reverse. Orel compares Old Norse skegg-ǫx (literally “beard-axe”) for the semantics.

Noun

*bardǭ f

1. axe

   Synonyms: *adisô, *akwisī, *bardō, *bīþlaz

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *bardǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*bardǭ	*bardōniz
vocative	*bardǭ	*bardōniz
accusative	*bardōnų	*bardōnunz
genitive	*bardōniz	*bardōnǫ̂
dative	*bardōni	*bardōmaz
instrumental	*bardōnē	*bardōmiz

Related terms

• ? *bridǭ
• *bardaz
• *bardō
• *bardą
• *brazdą, *brazdaz
• *bredą
• *brezdą, *brezdô
• *bruzdaz
• *burdaz
• *burdô, *burdǭ
• *burdą

 

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bardā
  • Old Saxon: barda
    • Middle Low German: bārde
  • Frankish: *barda > *Langabarda (possibly, meaning "long axe")
    • Old Dutch: barda
      • Middle Dutch: barde, baerde; bardse; helmbaerde
        • Dutch: baars; hellebaard
    • → Late Latin: Langobardus, Longobardus
      • Old French: Lombard
  • Old High German: barta
    • Middle High German: barte
      • German: Barte
• Old Norse: barða
  • Icelandic: barða