Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þakwōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- (“to touch”), either derived from a u-stem derivative of the root +‎ *-ōną, (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) or, if the alternative reconstruction *þakkōną is correct, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *th₂gnéh₂ti and thus formally cognate with Latin tangō (“touch”, verb).^[1] Further cognate with Ancient Greek τεταγών (tetagṓn, “having seized”), τάσσω (tássō, “arrange”) and Latin taxō (“touch, feel”, verb).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈθɑ.kʷɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þakwōną

to touch, pat, tap

Inflection

Conjugation of *þakwōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*þakwō	*þakwǭ	—	*þakwōi	?
2nd singular	*þakwōsi	*þakwōs	*þakwō	*þakwōsai	*þakwōsau
3rd singular	*þakwōþi	*þakwō	*þakwōþau	*þakwōþai	*þakwōþau
1st dual	*þakwōs	*þakwōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þakwōþiz	*þakwōþiz	*þakwōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*þakwōmaz	*þakwōm	—	*þakwōnþai	*þakwōnþau
2nd plural	*þakwōþ	*þakwōþ	*þakwōþ	*þakwōnþai	*þakwōnþau
3rd plural	*þakwōnþi	*þakwōn	*þakwōnþau	*þakwōnþai	*þakwōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þakwōdǭ	*þakwōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*þakwōdēz	*þakwōdēdīz
3rd singular	*þakwōdē	*þakwōdēdī
1st dual	*þakwōdēdū	*þakwōdēdīw
2nd dual	*þakwōdēdudiz	*þakwōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*þakwōdēdum	*þakwōdēdīm
2nd plural	*þakwōdēdud	*þakwōdēdīd
3rd plural	*þakwōdēdun	*þakwōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*þakwōndz	*þakwōdaz

Alternative reconstructions

*þakkōną, *þakōną^[1]

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *þakwōn, *þakkōn
- Old English: þaccian
  - Middle English: thakken
    - Scots: thack, thwak
    - English: thack, thwack
- Old Saxon: *thakkōn, *thakōn
  - ⇒ Old Saxon: thakolōn
- Old Dutch: *thakon
  - Middle Dutch: daken
Old Norse: þjökka, þjaka
- Faroese: *tjaka
  - ⇒ Faroese: tjakast
- Icelandic: þjaka
- Norwegian: tjåka

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*þak(k)ōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 532

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*þak(k)ōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 532

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