Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tohtidak

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Permic *tošte-, possibly from an Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰers-. Cognate with Proto-Samic *tuostëtēk.

Verb

*tohtidak (stem *tohti-)

1. to dare
2. to be allowed, may

Inflection

Inflection of *tohtidak

Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
	present	past	imperative	optative
1st sing.	*tohtin	*tohtëjin	—	*tohtigon
2nd sing.	*tohtit	*tohtëjit	*tohtik	*tohtigos
3rd sing.	*tohtibi *tohti	*tohtëji	*tohtigasën	*tohtigosën
1st plur.	*tohtikmëk *tohtikmak	*tohtëjimëk *tohtëjimak	*tohtigatëmëk *tohtigatamak	*tohtigotëmëk *tohtigotamak
2nd plur.	*tohtiktëk *tohtiktak	*tohtëjidëk *tohtëjidak	*tohtigatë *tohtigata	*tohtigot'ëk *tohtigotadak
3rd plur.	*tohtibat *tohti	*tohtëji	*tohtigasën	*tohtigosën
passive	*tohtiksën *tohtit'aksën	*tohtidisën *tohtittisën	*tohtidakahën *tohtittakahën	*tohtidakohën *tohtittakohën
connegative	*tohtik	—	*tohtigak	*tohtigok
passive connegative	*tohtiktak	—	*tohtidagak *tohtittagak	*tohtidagok *tohtittagok
	conditional 1	conditional 2	potential
1st sing.	*tohtikcin	*tohtëjicin	*tohtinën
2nd sing.	*tohtikcit	*tohtëjicit	*tohtinët
3rd sing.	*tohtikci	*tohtëjici	*tohtini
1st plur.	*tohtikcimëk *tohtikcimak	*tohtëjicimëk *tohtëjicimak	*tohtinëmëk *tohtinëmak
2nd plur.	*tohtikcidëk *tohtikcidak	*tohtëjicidëk *tohtëjicidak	*tohtinëdëk *tohtinëdak
3rd plur.	*tohtikci	*tohtëjici	*tohtini
passive	*tohtidakcihën *tohtit'akcihën	*tohtidicihën *tohtitticihën	*tohtidanëhën *tohtittanëhën
connegative	*tohtikcik	*tohtëjicik	*tohtinëk
passive connegative	*tohtidakcik *tohtit'akcik	*tohtidicik *tohtitticik	*tohtidanëk *tohtittanëk
non-finite forms	infinitives/nouns		participles
			active	passive
infinitive 1	*tohtidak	present	*tohtiba	*tohtidapa *tohtittapa
infinitive 2	*tohtidë-	past	*tohtinut	*tohtidu *tohtittu
gerund/supine	*tohtima
action noun	*tohtiminen

Descendants

• Estonian: tohtima/tohtida
• Finnish: tohtia
• Ingrian: tohtia
• Livonian: tū’oḑõ
• Võro: toht'ma/tohtiq
• Votic: tõhtia

Further reading

• “tohtima”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Entry #1653 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.