Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sādīti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Usually explained as a causative verb from the root Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”), whence also *sedeti (“to sit”), with unusual lengthened grade.[1] This derivation requires that this long-vowel causative coexist with a regular o-grade causative *sodīti in Celtic.
Schrijver alternatively reconstructs *stādīti, a simple o-grade causative to an extension of Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).[2] For the dental extension, Schrijver compares Gothic 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rōdjan) and Old Irish ráidid (“to speak”); if Kroonen is correct, the dental extension is *-dʰh₁eti.[3] This etymology excludes Welsh gwahodd but instead allows a connection to Welsh ansawdd (“quality”) instead.
Verb
[edit]*sādīti
Inflection
[edit]| Ī-present | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *sādeyū | *sādīmam | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *sādīsi | *sādītās | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *sādīti | *sādīto | ? | — |
| 1st plural | *sādeyomosi | *sādīmo | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *sādītesi | *sādīstē | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *sādeyonti | *sādīnto | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | *sādī | |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | *sādītou | |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | *sādeyomos | |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | *sādīte | |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | *sādeyontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *sādeyūr | — | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *sādītar | — | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *sādītor | ? | ? | — |
| 1st plural | *sādeyommor | — | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *sādīdwe | — | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *sādeyontor | ? | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 1st plural | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | ? | — | — | |
| Declension of the present participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sādeyonts | *sādeyonte | *sādeyontes |
| vocative | *sādeyonts | *sādeyonte | *sādeyontes |
| accusative | *sādeyontam | *sādeyonte | *sādeyontans |
| genitive | *sādeyantos | *? | *sādeyantom |
| dative | *sādeyantei | *sādeyantbom | *sādeyantbos |
| instrumental | *sādeyantī? | *sādeyantbim | *sādeyantbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sādeyantī | *sādeyantī | *sādeyantiyās |
| vocative | *sādeyantī | *sādeyantī | *sādeyantiyās |
| accusative | *sādeyantīm | *sādeyantī | *sādeyantiyans |
| genitive | *sādeyantyās | *? | *sādeyantyom |
| dative | *sādeyantyāi | *sādeyantyābom | *sādeyantyābos |
| instrumental | *? | *sādeyantyābim | *sādeyantyābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sādeyont | *? | *sādeyonta |
| vocative | *sādeyont | *? | *sādeyonta |
| accusative | *sādeyont | *? | *sādeyonta |
| genitive | *sādeyantos | *? | *sādeyantom |
| dative | *sādeyantei | *? | *sādeyantbos |
| instrumental | *sādeyantī? | *? | *sādeyantbis |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2011 December) “Addenda et corrigenda to Ranko Matasović’s Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Brill, Leiden 2009)”, in Homepage of Ranko Matasović[1], Zagreb, page 33
- ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 408
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*rōdjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415