Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/rināti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ri-né-H-ti, nasal infix present of root *h₂reyH- (“to count”).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Verb

*rināti

to sell

Inflection

Nasal-infix athematic present with stem ablaut to an h₂-final root, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*rināmi	*rinamam	*rirīsū	*rira
2nd singular	*rināsi	*rinatās	*rirīsesi	*riras?
3rd singular	*rināti	*rinato	*rirīseti	*rire
1st plural	*rinamosi	*rinamo	*rirīsomosi	*rirmo
2nd plural	*rinatesi	*rinastē	*rirīsetesi	*rire
3rd plural	*rinanti	*rinanto	*rirīsonti	*rirars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*reyasū	?	—
2nd singular	*reyasesi	?	*rinā
3rd singular	*reyaseti	?	*rinātou
1st plural	*reyasomosi	?	*rinamos
2nd plural	*reyasetesi	?	*rinate
3rd plural	*reyasonti	?	*rinantou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*rinār	—	*rirīsūr	*rirra
2nd singular	*rinātar	—	*rirīsetar	*rirras?
3rd singular	*rinātor	?	*rirīsetor	*rirre
1st plural	*rinammor	—	*rirīsommor	?
2nd plural	*rinadwe	—	*rirīsedwe	?
3rd plural	*rinantor	?	*rirīsontor	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*reyasūr	—	—
2nd singular	*reyasetar	—	—
3rd singular	*reyasetor	—	—
1st plural	*reyasommor	—	—
2nd plural	*reyasedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*reyasontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rinonts	*rinonte	*rinontes
vocative	*rinonts	*rinonte	*rinontes
accusative	*rinontam	*rinonte	*rinontans
genitive	*rinantos	*?	*rinantom
dative	*rinantei	*rinantbom	*rinantbos
instrumental	*rinantī?	*rinantbim	*rinantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rinantī	*rinantī	*rinantiyās
vocative	*rinantī	*rinantī	*rinantiyās
accusative	*rinantīm	*rinantī	*rinantiyans
genitive	*rinantyās	*?	*rinantyom
dative	*rinantyāi	*rinantyābom	*rinantyābos
instrumental	*?	*rinantyābim	*rinantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rinont	*?	*rinonta
vocative	*rinont	*?	*rinonta
accusative	*rinont	*?	*rinonta
genitive	*rinantos	*?	*rinantom
dative	*rinantei	*?	*rinantbos
instrumental	*rinantī?	*?	*rinantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rinamnos	*rinamnou	*rinamnoi
vocative	*rinamne	*rinamnou	*rinamnoi
accusative	*rinamnom	*rinamnou	*rinamnons
genitive	*rinamnī	*rinamnous	*rinamnom
dative	*rinamnūi	*rinamnobom	*rinamnobos
instrumental	*rinamnū	*rinamnobim	*rinamnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rinamnā	*rinamnai	*rinamnās
vocative	*rinamnā	*rinamnai	*rinamnās
accusative	*rinamnam	*rinamnai	*rinamnans
genitive	*rinamnās	*rinamnous	*rinamnom
dative	*rinamnai	*rinamnābom	*rinamnābos
instrumental	*?	*rinamnābim	*rinamnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rinamnom	*rinamnou	*rinamnā
vocative	*rinamnom	*rinamnou	*rinamnā
accusative	*rinamnom	*rinamnou	*rinamnā
genitive	*rinamnī	*rinamnous	*rinamnom
dative	*rinamnūi	*rinamnobom	*rinamnobos
instrumental	*rinamnū	*rinamnobim	*rinamnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rītos	*rītou	*rītoi
vocative	*rīte	*rītou	*rītoi
accusative	*rītom	*rītou	*rītons
genitive	*rītī	*rītous	*rītom
dative	*rītūi	*rītobom	*rītobos
instrumental	*rītū	*rītobim	*rītobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rītā	*rītai	*rītās
vocative	*rītā	*rītai	*rītās
accusative	*rītam	*rītai	*rītans
genitive	*rītās	*rītous	*rītom
dative	*rītai	*rītābom	*rītābos
instrumental	*?	*rītābim	*rītābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rītom	*rītou	*rītā
vocative	*rītom	*rītou	*rītā
accusative	*rītom	*rītou	*rītā
genitive	*rītī	*rītous	*rītom
dative	*rītūi	*rītobom	*rītobos
instrumental	*rītū	*rītobim	*rītobis

Descendants

Old Irish: renaid
- ⇒ Middle Irish: reccaid (denominative from verbal noun)
  - Irish: reic
  - Scottish Gaelic: reic
Gaulish: rinoti

References

^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “*ri-na-”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 551
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “*h₂rei̯H-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1], page 38
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ri-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 313

[1] Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “*ri-na-”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 551

[2] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “*h₂rei̯H-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1], page 38

[3] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ri-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 313

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