Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/karāti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *karos (“dear, beloved”) +‎ *-āti (factitive deadjectival verb suffix).

Verb

*karāti

1. to desire, to wish
2. to love

Inflection

Ā-present, s-preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*karāmi	*karāmam	*kikarasū	*karasam
2nd singular	*karāsi	*karātās	*kikarasesi	*karass
3rd singular	*karāti	*karāto	*kikaraseti	*karast
1st plural	*karāmosi	*karāmo	*kikarasomosi	*karasme
2nd plural	*karātesi	*karāstē	*kikarasetesi	*karaste
3rd plural	*karānti	*karānto	*kikarasonti	*karasant
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*karasū	?	—
2nd singular	*karasesi	?	*karā
3rd singular	*karaseti	?	*karātou
1st plural	*karasomosi	?	*karāmos
2nd plural	*karasetesi	?	*karāte
3rd plural	*karasonti	?	*karāntou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*karār	—	*kikarasūr	?
2nd singular	*karātar	—	*kikarasetar	?
3rd singular	*karātor	?	*kikarasetor	?
1st plural	*karāmmor	—	*kikarasommor	?
2nd plural	*karādwe	—	*kikarasedwe	?
3rd plural	*karāntor	?	*kikarasontor	*karasanto
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*karasūr	—	—
2nd singular	*karasetar	—	—
3rd singular	*karasetor	—	—
1st plural	*karasommor	—	—
2nd plural	*karasedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*karasontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*karants	*karante	*karantes
vocative	*karants	*karante	*karantes
accusative	*karantam	*karante	*karantans
genitive	*karantos	*?	*karantom
dative	*karantei	*karantbom	*karantbos
instrumental	*karantī?	*karantbim	*karantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*karantī	*karantī	*karantiyās
vocative	*karantī	*karantī	*karantiyās
accusative	*karantīm	*karantī	*karantiyans
genitive	*karantyās	*?	*karantyom
dative	*karantyāi	*karantyābom	*karantyābos
instrumental	*?	*karantyābim	*karantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*karant	*?	*karanta
vocative	*karant	*?	*karanta
accusative	*karant	*?	*karanta
genitive	*karantos	*?	*karantom
dative	*karantei	*?	*karantbos
instrumental	*karantī?	*?	*karantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*karamnos	*karamnou	*karamnoi
vocative	*karamne	*karamnou	*karamnoi
accusative	*karamnom	*karamnou	*karamnons
genitive	*karamnī	*karamnous	*karamnom
dative	*karamnūi	*karamnobom	*karamnobos
instrumental	*karamnū	*karamnobim	*karamnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*karamnā	*karamnai	*karamnās
vocative	*karamnā	*karamnai	*karamnās
accusative	*karamnam	*karamnai	*karamnans
genitive	*karamnās	*karamnous	*karamnom
dative	*karamnai	*karamnābom	*karamnābos
instrumental	*?	*karamnābim	*karamnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*karamnom	*karamnou	*karamnā
vocative	*karamnom	*karamnou	*karamnā
accusative	*karamnom	*karamnou	*karamnā
genitive	*karamnī	*karamnous	*karamnom
dative	*karamnūi	*karamnobom	*karamnobos
instrumental	*karamnū	*karamnobim	*karamnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*karātos	*karātou	*karātoi
vocative	*karāte	*karātou	*karātoi
accusative	*karātom	*karātou	*karātons
genitive	*karātī	*karātous	*karātom
dative	*karātūi	*karātobom	*karātobos
instrumental	*karātū	*karātobim	*karātobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*karātā	*karātai	*karātās
vocative	*karātā	*karātai	*karātās
accusative	*karātam	*karātai	*karātans
genitive	*karātās	*karātous	*karātom
dative	*karātai	*karātābom	*karātābos
instrumental	*?	*karātābim	*karātābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*karātom	*karātou	*karātā
vocative	*karātom	*karātou	*karātā
accusative	*karātom	*karātou	*karātā
genitive	*karātī	*karātous	*karātom
dative	*karātūi	*karātobom	*karātobos
instrumental	*karātū	*karātobim	*karātobis

Derived terms

• *karants (“friend”)

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *karɨd
  • Cornish: kara
  • Middle Breton: caret
    • Breton: karout
  • Welsh: caru
• Old Irish: caraid, ·cara
  • Irish: car
• Celtiberian: Kara-
• Gaulish: Caro-, -carus

Further reading

• Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 191