Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/dīreiyom

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative reconstructions

• *dīroyom
• *dīriyom

Etymology

From *dī- +‎ *rei- (“to sell”) +‎ *-om (verbal noun suffix).

Noun

*dīreiyom n

1. (law) fine, penalty to be paid

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dīreiyom	*dīreiyou	*dīreiyā
vocative	*dīreiyom	*dīreiyou	*dīreiyā
accusative	*dīreiyom	*dīreiyou	*dīreiyā
genitive	*dīreiyī	*dīreiyous	*dīreiyom
dative	*dīreiyūi	*dīreiyobom	*dīreiyobos
locative	*dīreiyei	*?	*?
instrumental	*dīreiyū	*dīreiyobim	*dīreiyūis

Reconstruction notes

All three root ablaut grades have been reconstructed for this term, but Schumacher's reconstruction *dīreiyom in the e-grade (endorsed by Zair) is to be preferred since it accounts for both the Irish palatalized -r- and the Welsh final -wy at the same time. The o-grade *dīroyom mainly fits the Welsh but is incompatible with the Irish (additionally *-om generally does not take the o-grade anyway), and zero-grade *dīriyom fits the Irish but cannot explain the Welsh.

Descendants

• Brittonic:
  • Middle Welsh: diruy, dyruy, dyrwy
    • Welsh: dirwy
• Old Irish: díre
  • Middle Irish: díre