Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-tiyū

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-ti-Hon-, an extension of *-tis with *-Hō. Cognate to Latin -tiō.

Suffix

*-tiyū f

1. Forms action nouns from verbal roots.

   ‎*wid- (“to tell”) + ‎*-tiyū → ‎*wissiyū (“telling, saying”)

   ‎*sem- (“to pour”) + ‎*-tiyū → ‎*santiyū (“outpour”)

   ‎*men- (“to think”) + ‎*-tiyū → ‎*mentiyū (“thought”)

Usage notes

• The verb root is almost always put in the zero grade when this suffix is attached in Proto-Celtic.
• Caused root-final *m to assimilate to *n.
• When attached to a dental-final root, the root-final consonant and the suffix-initial consonant fuse to *-ss-.

Inflection

Masculine/feminine n-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-tiyū	*-tiyone?	*-tiyones
vocative	*-tiyū	*-tiyone?	*-tiyones
accusative	*-tiyonam	*-tiyone?	*-tiyonams
genitive	*-tiyonos	*-tiyonows?	*-tiyonom
dative	*-tiyonei	*-tiyombom	*-tiyombos
locative	*-tiyon(i)	*?	*?
instrumental	*-tiyonei	*-tiyombim	*-tiyombis

Derived terms

Proto-Celtic terms suffixed with *-tiyū

Descendants

• Old Irish: -tiu, -thiu