Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

• *-h₃enh₂-, *-h₃onh₂-
• *-h₃en-

Reconstruction

In literature this morpheme might be referred to as "Hoffmann's suffix". It is often reconstructed with a *h₃ on the basis of the voice assimilation in the word *h₂ábh₃on- < *h₂ep-h₃on- (“river”), although some authorities might also reconstruct an unspecified laryngeal, *H. Sometimes identified with the root *h₃enh₂- (“onerate”).

Suffix

*-Hō

1. Derives adjectives, nouns indicating possession, denoting burden, authority.

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*-Hō	*-Hénih₂
genitive	*-Hnés	*-Hn̥yéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-Hō	*-Honh₁(e)	*-Hones
vocative	*-Hon	*-Honh₁(e)	*-Hones
accusative	*-Honm̥	*-Honh₁(e)	*-Honm̥s
genitive	*-Hnés	*?	*-HnóHom
ablative	*-Hnés	*?	*-Hn̥mós, *-Hn̥bʰós
dative	*-Hnéy	*?	*-Hn̥mós, *-Hn̥bʰós
locative	*-Hén, *-Héni	*?	*-Hn̥sú
instrumental	*-Hnéh₁	*?	*-Hn̥mís, *-Hn̥bʰís
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-Hénih₂	*-Hénih₂h₁(e)	*-Hénih₂es
vocative	*-Hénih₂	*-Hénih₂h₁(e)	*-Hénih₂es
accusative	*-Hénih₂m̥	*-Hénih₂h₁(e)	*-Hénih₂m̥s
genitive	*-Hn̥yéh₂s	*?	*-Hn̥yéh₂oHom
ablative	*-Hn̥yéh₂s	*?	*-Hn̥yéh₂mos, *-Hn̥yéh₂bʰos
dative	*-Hn̥yéh₂ey	*?	*-Hn̥yéh₂mos, *-Hn̥yéh₂bʰos
locative	*-Hn̥yéh₂, *-Hn̥yéh₂i	*?	*-Hn̥yéh₂su
instrumental	*-Hn̥yéh₂h₁	*?	*-Hn̥yéh₂mis, *-Hn̥yéh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-Hon	*-Honih₁	*-Hō
vocative	*-Hon	*-Honih₁	*-Hō
accusative	*-Hon	*-Honih₁	*-Hō
genitive	*-Hnés	*?	*-HnóHom
ablative	*-Hnés	*?	*-Hn̥mós, *-Hn̥bʰós
dative	*-Hnéy	*?	*-Hn̥mós, *-Hn̥bʰós
locative	*-Hén, *-Héni	*?	*-Hn̥sú
instrumental	*-Hnéh₁	*?	*-Hn̥mís, *-Hn̥bʰís

Derived terms

• *-h₃onh₂-
  • >? Proto-Albanian: *-ānjā
    • Albanian: -onjë
• *-Hon-o-
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: -ωνός (-ōnós)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: -ōnus (as in patrōnus)
• *-i-Hon-
  • Proto-Germanic: *-jǭ
    • Gothic: -𐌾𐍉 (-jō) (e.g. 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐍉 (garunjō, “flood”), 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌼𐍂𐌾𐍉 (gatimrjō, “building”), 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌾𐍉 (sakjō, “quarrel”))
  • Italic:
    • Latin: -iō
• *-et-Hon-
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: -εδών (-edṓn), -ηδών (-ēdṓn) (e.g. τηκεδών (tēkedṓn, “melting away, consumption”), ἀλγηδών (algēdṓn, “pain, suffering”))
  • Italic:
    • Latin: -ēdō
• *-ti-Hon-
  • Proto-Celtic: *-tiyū
    • Old Irish: -tiu
  • Italic:
    • Latin: -tiō (see there for further descendants)
• *-tew-t-Hon-
  • Italic:
    • Latin: -tūdō
• *-Hon-ih₂, *-Hon-eh₂
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: -आनी (-ānī)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: -ōna
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: -ώνη (-ṓnē)
• *-i-Hn
  • Proto-Germanic: *-į̄

Descendants

• Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: -ων (-ōn), -ών (-ṓn)
• Indo-Iranian:
  • Indo-Aryan
    • Sanskrit: -अन् (-an)
• Italic:
  • Latin: -ō (see there for further descendants)