Reconstruction:Prakrit/𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀭

This Prakrit entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Prakrit

Etymology

Unknown. Perhaps borrowed from substrate.

Compare various terms for beans:

Prakrit *𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*maṭṭha, “pea”), whence Gujarati મઠ (maṭh), Marathi मठ (maṭh).
Prakrit *𑀫𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*mŏṭṭha, “Vigna aconitifolia”), Sanskritised as Sanskrit मुकुष्ठ (mukuṣṭha, “kind of bean”) etc., whence Hindi मोठ (moṭh) and others.^[1]
Sanskrit मु॒द्ग (mudgá, “Vigna radiata”), Prakrit 𑀫𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀕 (mugga), whence Hindi मूँग (mūṅg).^[2]
Pashto مستک (masták, “Lathyrus sativus”), folk-etymologically connected to Classical Persian (mast, “drunk”).^[3]
Sanskrit मुकुल (mukula, “bud”), मुकुर (mukura), मकुल (makula), मकुर (makura), मुद्गर (mudgara, “bud”), all probably from Dravidian (cf. Tamil மொக்குள் (mokkuḷ, “bubble”)).^[4]

Some New Indo-Aryan languages instead use a Dravidian word for the pea, e.g. Marathi वाटाणा (vāṭāṇā), Gujarati વટાણા (vaṭāṇā) (cf. Kannada ಬಟಾಣಿ (baṭāṇi)).

Noun

*𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀭 (*maṭṭara) m ^[5]

pea (Pisum sativum)

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: मटर (maṭar)
  - Urdu: مَٹَر (maṭar)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali–Assamese:
  - Bengali: মটর (moṭor)
- Odia: ମଟର (maṭara)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Nepali: मटर (maṭar)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਮਟਰ (maṭar)
  
  Shahmukhi script: مَٹَر (maṭar)
- Sindhi:
  Arabic script: مَٽَرُ (maṭaru)
  
  Devanagari script: मटरु (maṭaru)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: मटार (maṭār)

References

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mukuṣṭha-”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 584
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mudgá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 588
^ M. De Chiara, A. V. Rossi (2015) “Pashto botanical terms in I. M. Steblin-Kamensky’s Ètimologičeskij slovar’ vaxanskogo jazyka”, in M. S. Pelevin, editor, Na Pastbišče Mysli Blagoj. Sbornik Statej k Jubileju I.M. Steblin-Kamenskogo‎^[1], St. Petersburg: Kotrast, page 130 of 120–140
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mukula”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 584
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*maṭṭara¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 557

[1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mukuṣṭha-”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 584

[2] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mudgá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 588

[3] M. De Chiara, A. V. Rossi (2015) “Pashto botanical terms in I. M. Steblin-Kamensky’s Ètimologičeskij slovar’ vaxanskogo jazyka”, in M. S. Pelevin, editor, Na Pastbišče Mysli Blagoj. Sbornik Statej k Jubileju I.M. Steblin-Kamenskogo‎^[1], St. Petersburg: Kotrast, page 130 of 120–140

[4] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mukula”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 584

[5] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*maṭṭara¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 557

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