Appendix:Thai script
(Redirected from Appendix:Thai alphabet)
This appendix explains characters written in the Thai script.
Consonants
[edit]| No. | Symbol | Name | Royal Thai | IPA | Class | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thai (Paiboon/Wiktionary transliteration) | RTGS (meaning) | Initial | Final | Initial | Final | |||
| 1 | ก | ก ไก่ (gɔɔ gài) | ko kai (chicken) | k | k | k | k | mid |
| 2 | ข | ข ไข่ (kɔ̌ɔ kài) | kho khai (egg) | kh | k | kʰ | k | high |
| 3 | ฃ | ฃ ขวด (kɔ̌ɔ kùuat) | kho khuat (bottle) [obsolete] | kh | k | kʰ | k | high |
| 4 | ค | ค ควาย (kɔɔ kwaai) | kho khwai (water buffalo) | kh | k | kʰ | k | low |
| 5 | ฅ | ฅ คน (kɔɔ kon) | kho khon (person) [obsolete] | kh | k | kʰ | k | low |
| 6 | ฆ | ฆ ระฆัง (kɔɔ rá-kang) | kho ra-khang (bell) | kh | k | kʰ | k | low |
| 7 | ง | ง งู (ngɔɔ nguu) | ngo ngu (snake) | ng | ng | ŋ | ŋ | low |
| 8 | จ | จ จาน (jɔɔ jaan) | cho chan (plate) | ch | t | tɕ | t | mid |
| 9 | ฉ | ฉ ฉิ่ง (chɔ̌ɔ chìng) | cho ching (cymbals) | ch | - | tɕʰ | - | high |
| 10 | ช | ช ช้าง (chɔɔ cháang) | cho chang (elephant) | ch | t | tɕʰ | t | low |
| 11 | ซ | ซ โซ่ (sɔɔ sôo) | so so (chain) | s | t | s | t | low |
| 12 | ฌ | ฌ เฌอ (chɔɔ chəə) | cho choe (bush) | ch | - | tɕʰ | - | low |
| 13 | ญ | ญ หญิง (yɔɔ yǐng) | yo ying (woman) | y | n | j | n | low |
| 14 | ฎ | ฎ ชฎา (dɔɔ chá-daa) | do cha-da (headdress) | d | t | d | t | mid |
| 15 | ฏ | ฏ ปฏัก (dtɔɔ bpà-dtàk) | to pa-tak (goad, cattleprod spear) | t | t | t | t | mid |
| 16 | ฐ | ฐ ฐาน (tɔ̌ɔ tǎan) | tho than (base) | th | t | tʰ | t | high |
| 17 | ฑ | ฑ มณโฑ | tho nangmon-tho (Mandodari, character from Ramayana) | th | t | tʰ | t | low |
| 18 | ฒ | ฒ ผู้เฒ่า | tho phu-thao (elder) | th | t | tʰ | t | low |
| 19 | ณ | ณ เณร | no nen (novice monk) | n | n | n | n | low |
| 20 | ด | ด เด็ก | do dek (child) | d | t | d | t | mid |
| 21 | ต | ต เต่า | to tao (turtle) | t | t | t | t | mid |
| 22 | ถ | ถ ถุง | tho thung (sack) | th | t | tʰ | t | high |
| 23 | ท | ท ทหาร | tho thahan (soldier) | th | t | tʰ | t | low |
| 24 | ธ | ธ ธง | tho thong (flag) | th | t | tʰ | t | low |
| 25 | น | น หนู | no nu (mouse) | n | n | n | n | low |
| 26 | บ | บ ใบไม้ | bo baimai (leaf) | b | p | b | p | mid |
| 27 | ป | ป ปลา | po pla (fish) | p | p | p | p | mid |
| 28 | ผ | ผ ผึ้ง | pho phueng (bee) | ph | - | pʰ | - | high |
| 29 | ฝ | ฝ ฝา | fo fa (lid) | f | - | f | - | high |
| 30 | พ | พ พาน | pho phan (tray) | ph | p | pʰ | p | low |
| 31 | ฟ | ฟ ฟัน | fo fan (teeth) | f | p | f | p | low |
| 32 | ภ | ภ สำเภา | pho sam-phao (sailboat) | ph | p | pʰ | p | low |
| 33 | ม | ม ม้า | mo ma (horse) | m | m | m | m | low |
| 34 | ย | ย ยักษ์ | yo yak (giant) | y | y | j | j | low |
| 35 | ร | ร เรือ | ro ruea (boat) | r | n | r | n | low |
| 36 | ล | ล ลิง | lo ling (monkey) | l | n | l | n | low |
| 37 | ว | ว แหวน | wo waen (ring) | w | w | w | w | low |
| 38 | ศ | ศ ศาลา | so sala (pavilion) | s | t | s | t | high |
| 39 | ษ | ษ ฤๅษี | so rue-si (hermit) | s | t | s | t | high |
| 40 | ส | ส เสือ | so suea (tiger) | s | t | s | t | high |
| 41 | ห | ห หีบ | ho hip (chest) | h | - | h | - | high |
| 42 | ฬ | ฬ จุฬา | lo chu-la (kite) | l | n | l | n | low |
| 43 | อ | อ อ่าง | o ang (basin) | * | - | ʔ | - | mid |
| 44 | ฮ | ฮ นกฮูก | ho nok-huk (owl) | h | - | h | - | low |
* อ is a special case in that at the beginning of a word it is used as a silent initial for syllables that start with a vowel (all vowels are written relative to a consonant — see below). The same symbol is used as a vowel in non-initial position.
Vowels
[edit]| Symbol | Name | IPA | Royal | Variants | Similar Sound |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | implied a | aʔ | a | u | u in "nut" |
| – – | implied o | o | o | oa in "boat" | |
| –รร | ro han * | ɑn | an | un | un in tun; same as -ัน |
| –รร– | ro han * | ɑ | a | u | u in "nut"; same as -ั- |
| –รรม | ro han with mo ma as closing consonant * | ɑm | am | um | um in "hum"; same as -ำ |
| –ว– | sara ua * | ua | ua | uar | ewe in "newer" |
| –วย | sara ua with yo yak as closing consonant | uɛj | uai | uay | uoy in "buoy" |
| –อ | sara o | ɔː | o | or, aw | aw in "saw" |
| –อย | sara o with yo yak as closing consonant | ɔːj | oi | oy | oy in "boy" |
| –ะ | sara a | aʔ | a | u | u in "nut" |
| –ั – | sara a in mai han-akat form | a | a | u | u in "nut" |
| –ัย | sara a with yo yak as closing consonant | ɑj | ai | i in "hi" | |
| –ัว | sara ua | ua | ua | ewe in "newer" | |
| –ัวะ | sara ua | uaʔ | ua | ewe in "sewer" | |
| –า | sara a | aː | a | ah, ar, aa | a in "father" |
| –าย | sara a with yo yak as closing consonant | aːj | ai | aai, aay, ay | ye in "bye" |
| –าว | sara a with wo waen as closing consonant | aːw | ao | au | ow in "now" |
| –ำ | sara am | ɑm | am | um | um in "sum" |
| –ิ | sara i | i | i | y in "greedy" | |
| –ิว | sara i with wo waen as closing consonant | iw | io | ew | ew in "new" |
| –ี | sara i | iː | i | ee, ii, y | ee in "see" |
| –ึ | sara ue | ɯ | ue | eu, u, uh | u in French "du" (short) |
| –ื | sara ue | ɯː | ue | eu, u | u in French "dur" (long) |
| –ุ | sara u | u | u | oo | oo in "look" |
| –ู | sara u | uː | u | oo, uu | oo in "too" |
| เ– | sara e | eː | e | ay, a, ae, ai, ei | a in "lame" |
| เ–็ – | sara e with mai taikhu | e | e | e in "neck" | |
| เ–ะ | sara e | eʔ | e | eh | e in "neck" |
| เ–ย | sara oe with yo yak as closing consonant | ɤːj | oei | oey | u in "burn" + y in "boy" |
| เ–อ | sara oe | ɤː | oe | er, eu, ur | u in "burn" |
| เ–อะ | sara oe | ɤʔ | oe | eu | e in "the" |
| เ–ิ – | sara oe | ɤ | oe | eu, u | e in "the" |
| เ–ว | sara e with wo waen as closing consonant | eːw | eo | eu, ew | ai + ow in "rainbow" |
| เ–า | sara ao | aw | ao | aw, au, ow | ow in "cow" |
| เ–าะ | sara o | ɔʔ | o | orh, oh, or | o in "not" |
| เ–ีย | sara ia | iːa | ia | ear, ere, ie | ea in "ear" |
| เ–ียะ | sara ia | iaʔ | ia | iah, ear, ie | ea in "ear" with glottal stop |
| เ–ียว | sara ia with wo waen as closing consonant | io | iao | eaw, iew, iow | io in "trio" |
| เ–ือ | sara uea | ɯːa | uea | eua, ua, ue | ure in "pure" |
| เ–ือะ | sara uea | ɯaʔ | uea | eua, ua | ure in "pure" |
| แ– | sara ae | ɛː | ae | a | a in "ham" |
| แ–ะ | sara ae | ɛʔ | ae | aeh, a | a in "at" |
| แ–็ – | sara ae with mai taikhu | ɛ | ae | aeh, a | a in "at" |
| แ–ว | sara ae with wo weaen as closing consonant | ɛːw | aeo | aew, eo | a in "ham" + ow in "low" |
| โ– | sara o | oː | o | or, oh, ô | o in "go" |
| โ–ะ | sara o | oʔ | o | oh | o in "poke" |
| ใ– | sara ai mai muan ** | ɑj | ai | ay, y | i in "I" |
| ไ– | sara ai mai malai | ɑj | ai | ay, y | i in "I" |
| ฤ | ro rue (short) * | rɯ | rue | ru, ri | ri in "Krishna" |
| ฤๅ | ro rue (long) * | rɯː | rue | ruu | |
| ฦ | lo lue (short) * | lɯ | lue | lu, li | li in "Lima" |
| ฦๅ | lo lue (long) * | lɯː | lue | lu |
* These are semi-vowels or diphthongs written with consonant symbols.
** Only 20 Thai words use sara ai mai muan (ใ). Other words use one of the /ɑj/ variants.