Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wītaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see; look; look for; find”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwiː.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wītaną^[1]^[2]

Inflection

Conjugation of *wītaną (strong class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wītō	*wītaų	—	*wītai	?
2nd singular	*wītizi	*wītaiz	*wīt	*wītazai	*wītaizau
3rd singular	*wītidi	*wītai	*wītadau	*wītadai	*wītaidau
1st dual	*wītōz	*wītaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wītadiz	*wītaidiz	*wītadiz	—	—
1st plural	*wītamaz	*wītaim	—	*wītandai	*wītaindau
2nd plural	*wītid	*wītaid	*wītid	*wītandai	*wītaindau
3rd plural	*wītandi	*wītain	*wītandau	*wītandai	*wītaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wait	*witį̄
2nd singular	*waist	*witīz
3rd singular	*wait	*witī
1st dual	*witū	*witīw
2nd dual	*witudiz	*witīdiz
1st plural	*witum	*witīm
2nd plural	*witud	*witīd
3rd plural	*witun	*witīn

	present	past
participles	*wītandz	*witanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wītan
- Old English: wītan
  - Middle English: wīten, wyten
    - Scots: wyte
    - English: wite
- Old Frisian: wīta
  - Saterland Frisian: wiete
- Old Saxon: wītan
  - Middle Low German: wīten
- Old Dutch: wītan
  - Middle Dutch: witen
    - Dutch: wijten
      - Afrikaans: wyt
    - Limburgish: wiete
- Old High German: wīzan, wīzzan
  - Middle High German: wīzen
    - German: weisen
    - → German Low German: wiesen
- → Old French: *guider, guier (also possibly from Gothic)
  - Middle French: guider
    - French: guider
  - → Middle English: guiden, giden, gyden; guien, gien, gyen
    - English: guide; guy
  - → Occitan: guidar, guizar
  - → Italian: guidare
  - → Spanish: guiar
  - → Portuguese: guiar
Old Norse: víta
- Icelandic: víta
- Old Swedish: vīta
Gothic: *𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (*weitan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (inweitan)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*wītan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 589
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wītanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*wītan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 589

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wītanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468

[1]

[2]