Appendix:Esperanto correlatives
Appearance
Question ("What") |
Indication ("This/that") |
Indefinite ("Some") |
Universal ("Each, every") |
Negative ("No") | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ki- | ti- | i- | ĉi- | neni- | ||
Quality | -a | kia (“what kind/sort/type of”) | tia (“such a”) | ia (“some kind/sort/type of”) | ĉia (“every kind/sort/type of”) | nenia (“no kind/sort/type of”) |
Reason | -al | kial (“why”) | tial (“for that reason, therefore”) | ial (“for some reason”) | ĉial (“for all reasons”) | nenial (“for no reason”) |
Time | -am | kiam (“when”) | tiam (“then”) | iam (“sometime”) | ĉiam (“always”) | neniam (“never”) |
Place | -e | kie (“where”) | tie (“there”) | ie (“somewhere”) | ĉie (“everywhere”) | nenie (“nowhere”) |
Manner | -el | kiel (“how, as”) | tiel (“thus, as”) | iel (“somehow”) | ĉiel (“in every way”) | neniel (“no-how, in no way”) |
Association | -es | kies (“whose”) | ties (“this/that one's”) | ies (“someone's”) | ĉies (“everyone's”) | nenies (“no one's”) |
Thing | -o | kio (“what”) | tio (“this/that”) | io (“something”) | ĉio (“everything”) | nenio (“nothing”) |
Amount | -om | kiom (“how much”) | tiom (“that much”) | iom (“some, a bit”) | ĉiom (“all of it”) | neniom (“none”) |
Individual | -u | kiu (“who, which one; which [horse]”) | tiu (“that one; that [horse]”) | iu (“someone; some [horse]”) | ĉiu (“everyone; each [horse], all [horses]”) | neniu (“no one; no [horse]”) |