Appendix:Arabic roots/ش ه د

Arabic

Root

ش ه د • (š h d)

1. related to witnessing

Derived terms

Verbs and verbal derivatives

• Form I: شَهِدَ (šahida, “to witness”)
  • Verbal noun: شُهُود (šuhūd), مَشْهَد (mašhad)
  • Active participle: ? (“witness, eye witness”)
  • Passive participle: مَشْهُود (mašhūd, “witnessed”)
• Form I: شَهِدَ (šahida, “to bear witness”)
  • Verbal noun: شَهَادَة (šahāda, “witness, testimony”)
  • Active participle: ? (“witness, eye witness”)
  • Passive participle: مَشْهُود (mašhūd)
• Form II: شَهَّدَ (šahhada, “to dictate the shahada”)
  • Verbal noun: تَشْهِيد (tašhīd, “The act of dictating the shahada”)
  • Active participle: مُشَهِّد (mušahhid)
  • Passive participle: مُشَهَّد (mušahhad)
• Form III: شَاهَدَ (šāhada, “to watch, to see”)
  • Verbal noun: مُشاهَدَة (mušāhada)
  • Active participle: مُشاهِد (mušāhid, “viewer”)
  • Passive participle: مُشَاهَد (mušāhad)
• Form IV: أَشْهَدَ (ʔašhada, “to testify someone; to make someone testify”)
  • Verbal noun: إِشْهَاد (ʔišhād)
  • Active participle: مُشْهِد (mušhid)
  • Passive participle: مُشْهَد (mušhad)
• Form V: تَشَهَّدَ (tašahhada)
  • Verbal noun: تَشَهُّد (tašahhud)
  • Active participle: مُتَشَهِّد (mutašahhid)
  • Passive participle: مُتَشَهَّد (mutašahhad)
• Form VI: تَشَاهَدَ (tašāhada)
  • Verbal noun: تَشَاهُد (tašāhud)
  • Active participle: مُتَشَاهِد (mutašāhid)
  • Passive participle: مُتَشَاهَد (mutašāhad)
• Form X: اِسْتَشْهَدَ (istašhada, “to cite”)
  • Verbal noun: اِسْتِشْهَاد (istišhād)
  • Active participle: مُسْتَشْهِد (mustašhid)
  • Passive participle: مُسْتَشْهَد (mustašhad)
• Form X: اُسْتُشْهِدَ (ustušhida, “to become a martyr to”)
  • Verbal noun: اِسْتِشْهَاد (istišhād)
  • Passive participle: مُسْتَشْهَد (mustašhad)

Nouns and adjectives

• مَشْهَدٌ f (mašhadun, “scene”, common noun)
• شَهادَة f (šahāda, “certificate, diploma; martyrdom”)
• مَشْهَد f (mašhad, “Mashhad”, proper noun)
• شُهْد (šuhd, “honey, nectar, sweet”)

References

Wehr, Hans (1979) “كتب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN