-nod

See also: nod, NOD, nód, nöd, nød, and -nöd

Hungarian

Etymology

From -n- (infinitive suffix) +‎ -od (second-person singular suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nod]

Suffix

-nod

1. (conjugated infinitive suffix) Forms the second-person singular informal of an infinitive.

   tanulni (“to study”) → Tanulnod kell. ― You have to study.

Usage notes

• The conjugated infinitive denotes action connected to the person. The non-conjugated infinitive has a general meaning:

  Itt nem szabad dohányoznod. ― You are not allowed to smoke here. (second-person)

  Itt nem szabad dohányozni. ― Smoking is not allowed here. (general)

• Variants:

  -nod is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with -ni

  rohanni (“to run”) → Rohannod kell. ― You have to run.

  -ned is added to unrounded front-vowel words that form their infinitive with -ni

  nevetni (“to laugh”) → Nevetned kell. ― You have to laugh.

  -nöd is added to rounded front-vowel words that form their infinitive with -ni

  főzni (“to cook”) → Főznöd kell. ― You have to cook.

  -anod is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with -ani

  tanítani (“to teach”) → Tanítanod kell. ― You have to teach.

  -ened is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with -eni

  veszíteni (“to lose”) → Súlyt kell veszítened. ― You have to lose weight.

    Conjugated infinitive – personal endings

Person		Back vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-nom	-nem	-nöm
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anom	-enem
te	2nd person singular	-nod	-ned	-nöd
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anod	-ened
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	-nia	-nie
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-ania	-enie
mi	1st person plural	-nunk	-nünk
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anunk	-enünk
ti	2nd person plural	-notok	-netek	-nötök
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anotok	-enetek
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-niuk	-niük
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-aniuk	-eniük
	archaic/dialectal	-niok	-niök

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nod/

Suffix

-nod

1. past participle of -nian