𒉺𒄴𒊭𒊑
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Hittite
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *péh₂sti, s-extension of the root *peh₂- (“to protect”). Cognates include Latin pāscō (“to graze”), Old Church Slavonic пасти (pasti, “to pasture”) and Sanskrit पाति (pāti, “to protect, defend”).
Verb
[edit]𒉺𒄴𒊭𒊑 • (pa-aḫ-ša-ri /paḫšari/) (3rd person singular present middle)
- to protect, guard, defend
- to observe (agreements), keep (oaths), obey (commands), keep (a secret)
- (middle with dative) to seek protection with
Inflection
[edit]| Broad transcription | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First conjugation | ||||
| Nominal forms | ||||
| Infinitive | paḫšuanzi | |||
| páħːswant͡si | ||||
| Participle | paḫšanz | |||
| páħːsant͡s | ||||
| Noun | paḫšuar | |||
| páħːswr̩ | ||||
| Supine | paḫšuan | |||
| páħːswn̩ | ||||
| Middle | Present | Aorist | Imperative | |
| 1.sg | paḫḫašḫari | paḫḫašḫat | paḫḫašḫaru | |
| páħːsχari | páħːsχad | páħːsχaru | ||
| 2.sg | paḫḫaštari | paḫḫaštat | paḫḫašḫut | |
| páħːstari | páħːstad | páħːsχɔd | ||
| 3.sg | paḫšari, paḫḫaštari | paḫḫaštat | paḫšaru, paḫḫaštaru | |
| páħːsaːri, páħːstari | páħːstad | páħːsaru, páħːstaru | ||
| 1.pl | paḫšuašta | paḫšuaštat | paḫšuaštat | |
| páħːswasta | páħːswastad | páħːswastad | ||
| 2.pl | paḫḫašduma | paḫḫašdumat | paḫḫaštumat | |
| páħːstuma | páħːstumad | páħːstumad | ||
| 3.pl | paḫšantari | paḫšantat | paḫšantaru | |
| páħːsantari | páħːsantad | páħːsantaru | ||
| Cuneiform script | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First conjugation | ||||
| Nominal forms | ||||
| Infinitive | 𒉺𒄴𒋗𒉿𒀭𒍣 | |||
| pa-aḫ-šu-wa-an-zi | ||||
| Participle | 𒉺𒄴𒊭𒀭𒍝 | |||
| pa-aḫ-ša-an-za | ||||
| Noun | 𒉺𒄴𒋗𒉿𒅈 | |||
| pa-aḫ-šu-wa-ar | ||||
| Supine | 𒉺𒄴𒋗𒉿𒀭 | |||
| pa-aḫ-šu-wa-an | ||||
| Middle | Present | Aorist | Imperative | |
| 1.sg | 𒉺𒄴𒄩𒀸𒄩𒊑 | 𒉺𒄴𒄩𒀸𒄩𒀜 | 𒉺𒄴𒄩𒀸𒄩𒊒 | |
| pa-aḫ-ḫa-aš-ḫa-ri | pa-aḫ-ḫa-aš-ḫa-at | pa-aḫ-ḫa-aš-ḫa-ru | ||
| 2.sg | 𒉺𒄴𒄩𒀸𒋫𒊑 | 𒉺𒄴𒄩𒀸𒋫𒀜 | 𒉺𒄴𒄩𒀸𒄷𒌓 | |
| pa-aḫ-ḫa-aš-ta-ri | pa-aḫ-ḫa-aš-ta-at | pa-aḫ-ḫa-aš-ḫu-ut | ||
| 3.sg | 𒉺𒄴𒊭𒊑, 𒉺𒄴𒄩𒀸𒋫𒊑 | 𒉺𒄴𒄩𒀸𒋫𒀜 | 𒉺𒄴𒊭𒊒, 𒉺𒄴𒄩𒀸𒋫𒊒 | |
| pa-aḫ-ša-ri, pa-aḫ-ḫa-aš-ta-ri | pa-aḫ-ḫa-aš-ta-at | pa-aḫ-ša-ru, pa-aḫ-ḫa-aš-ta-ru | ||
| 1.pl | 𒉺𒄴𒋗𒉿𒀸𒋫 | 𒉺𒄴𒋗𒉿𒀸𒋫𒀜 | 𒉺𒄴𒋗𒉿𒀸𒋫𒀜 | |
| pa-aḫ-šu-wa-aš-ta | pa-aḫ-šu-wa-aš-ta-at | pa-aḫ-šu-wa-aš-ta-at | ||
| 2.pl | 𒉺𒄴𒄩𒀸𒁺𒈠 | 𒉺𒄴𒄩𒀸𒁺𒈠𒀜 | 𒉺𒄴𒄩𒀸𒌅𒈠𒀜 | |
| pa-aḫ-ḫa-aš-du-ma | pa-aḫ-ḫa-aš-du-ma-at | pa-aḫ-ḫa-aš-tu-ma-at | ||
| 3.pl | 𒉺𒄴𒊭𒀭𒋫𒊑 | 𒉺𒄴𒊭𒀭𒋫𒀜 | 𒀀𒀭𒋫𒊒 | |
| pa-aḫ-ša-an-ta-ri | pa-aḫ-ša-an-ta-at | pa-aḫ-ša-an-ta-ru | ||
Derived terms
[edit]- 𒉺𒄴𒄩𒀸𒉡𒊻𒍣 (“to protect”)