𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ-

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Sanskrit बाढ (bāḍha)

Ashokan Prakrit 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)

Inherited from Sanskrit बाढ (bāḍha). Cognate with Pali bāḷha, bāḷhaṃ.

Adverb

𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)

1. very, greatly
   • c. 258 BCE, Aśoka, Minor Rock Edict 1 Brahmagiri.3:

     𑀦𑁄 𑀢𑀼 𑀔𑁄 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀓𑀁𑀢𑁂 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 𑀏𑀓𑀁 𑀲𑀯𑀙𑀭𑀁

     no tu kho bāḍhaṃ prakaṃte husaṃ ekaṃ savacharaṃ

     • 1925 translation by Eugen Hultzsch

       But indeed I had not been very zealous for one year.

Alternative forms

Attested at Ahraura, Brahmagiri, Calcutta-Bairat, Delhi-Topra, Dhauli, Gavimath, Girnar, Gujarra, Jatinga-Rameshwara, Jaugada, Kalsi, Lauriya-Araraj, Nittur, Panguraria, Rajula-Mandagiri, Sahasram, Siddapura and Udegolam.

Dialectal forms of 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (“very”)
Variety	Location	Lemmas	Forms edit
Central	Kalsi	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ), 𑀩𑀠𑀁 (baḍhaṃ), 𑀩𑀸𑀠 (bāḍha)
	Delhi-Topra	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ), 𑀩𑀸𑀠 (bāḍha)
	Lauriya-Araraj	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)
	Rupnath	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀺 (bāḍhi), 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀺𑀁 (bāḍhiṃ)
	Bairat	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀺𑀁 (bāḍhiṃ)
	Sahasram	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)
	Gujarra	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)	?𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)
	Calcutta-Bairat	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ), 𑀩𑀸𑀠 (bāḍha)
	Panguraria	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)	?𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)
	Bahapur	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀺𑀁 (bāḍhiṃ)
	Ahraura	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)
East	Dhauli	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)
	Jaugada	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)
Northwest	Shahbazgarhi	𐨦𐨝𐨎 (baḍhaṃ)
	Mansehra	𐨦𐨝𐨎 (baḍhaṃ)
West	Girnar	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)
South	Yerragudi	𑀩𑀸𑀠 (bāḍha)
	Siddapura	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ), 𑀩𑀸𑀠 (bāḍha)	𑀩𑀸𑀠 per Hultzsch (bāḍha)
	Brahmagiri	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ), 𑀩𑀸𑀠 (bāḍha)	𑀩𑀸𑀠 per Hultzsch (bāḍha)
	Jatinga-Rameshwara	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)	?𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ), 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 per Hultzsch (bāḍhaṃ)
	Rajula-Mandagiri	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)
	Udegolam	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)
	Nittur	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)	?𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)
	Gavimath	𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)

Map of dialectal forms of 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (“very”)
𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ) (19) 𑀩𑀸𑀠 (bāḍha) (6) 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀺𑀁 (bāḍhiṃ) (3) 𐨦𐨝𐨎 (baḍhaṃ) (2) 𑀩𑀠𑀁 (baḍhaṃ) (1) 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀺 (bāḍhi) (1)

Derived terms

• 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀢𑀭𑀁 (bāḍhataraṃ)

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 (bāḍhaṃ)

References

• Andersen, Paul Kent (1990) “bāḍha-”, in Studies in the Minor Rock Edicts of Aśoka, Freiburg: Hedwig Falk, page 161
• Hultzsch, E[ugen Julius Theodor] (1925) Inscriptions of Aśoka (new edition), in Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, volume 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 249.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “bāḍhá-”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 519