𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽
Old Uyghur
[edit]| 30 | ||
| ← 2 | 3 | 4 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 (üč) Ordinal: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽺𐽽 (üčünč) Adverbial: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽰 (üč kata) Distributive: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽾 (üčer) Collective: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽳 (üčegü) | ||
Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Turkic *üč (“three”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰇𐰲 (üč), Chuvash виҫҫӗ (viśśĕ, “three”), Turkish üç (“three”), Uzbek uch (“three”), Bashkir өс (ös, “three”), Yakut үс (üs, “three”).
Numeral
[edit]𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 (üč /ʾwyc/)
- three
- c. 11th century, Tale of Prince Kalyāṇaṃkara and Papamkara, XVII.6:
- 𐽷𐽶𐽿𐽶 𐽰𐾁𐽲𐽳 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽺𐽽 𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽸𐽰
𐽶𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽼 […] 𐽷𐽹𐽶 𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽲𐽰
𐽽𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽾 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽽 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽺𐽽 𐽷- […] kiši alḳu ölür. Üčünč, suvda
yekler urup […] kémi suvḳa
čomurur. Törtünč, uluġ tezginčke […] - […] [and] all people die. Third [premonition is that]
demons might attack the ship in the water [and]
sink it to the sea. Fourth [premonition is that] a great tide-rip […]
- […] kiši alḳu ölür. Üčünč, suvda
![[2]](https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u6069recto.jpg){kind=link}
Compound terms
[edit]- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾 (Üč agïlïk nomlar, “Tripiṭaka”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽾𐽶 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳 (üč adrï süŋü, “trident”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽶 (üč evin kïzïl tiglé, “maternal reproductive core (lit. 'three red waterdrops')”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽹 (üč ekim, “trifold”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽹 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺 (üč yarïm kün, “one and a half day”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽶𐽳𐽶𐽴 (üč yüz, “three hundred”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽶 (üč yolï, “three times, thrice”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽳𐽺𐽳 (üč kölüŋü, “Triyāna”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽸𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾 (üč došlar, “three bodily humors in Brahmic Medicine”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽹𐽶𐽺𐽷 (üč mïŋ, “three thousand”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽳𐽲 (üč buluŋlug, “triangle”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐾁𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽳𐽺𐽷 (Üč Lükčüŋ, “Luizhong, an ancient city in China, 三柳中”)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Western Yugur: üʂ (üʰɕ)
Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ȫč (“revenge, anger”). Cognate with Chuvash вӗчӗ (vĕč̬ĕ), Yakut өс (ös), Bashkir үс (üs), Uyghur ئۆچ (öch) and Turkish öç.
Not related to 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽹𐽰𐽷 (öčmek, “to be extinguished, to come to an end”), which stems from a different Proto-Turkic root.
Noun
[edit]𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 (öč /ʾwyc/)
Declension
[edit]Declension of 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 (ʾwyč)
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 (ʾwyč) | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwyčlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwyčnwnk) | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwyčlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽷𐽰 (ʾwyčkʾ) | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾwyčlʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽲 (ʾwyčq), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽺𐽶 (ʾwyčny) | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwyčlʾryq), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwyčlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾀𐽰 (ʾwyčtʾ) | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwyčlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwyčtyn) | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwyčlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽺 (ʾwyčn) | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwyčlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽽𐽰 (ʾwyččʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwyčkʾrw) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwyčlʾyw) |
Compound terms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (öčemek, “to seek revenge, to be sullen”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽾 (öčer, “vengeful”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽷 (öčešmek, “to hate (one another)”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽼 𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (öčešip turmak, “to resist”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽿𐽽𐽶 (öčešči, “fight-seeker, delinquent”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽷 (öčešmek, “to fight”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽳𐽲 (öčlüg, “revenge-seeker, one with hatred in their heart”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽻𐽳𐽴 (öčsüz, “one who does not seek revenge, one without hatred in their heart”)
References
[edit]- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “öç”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 145
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “üç”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 270
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “üç”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 18
- Hamilton, James (2020) Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, pages 35, 287
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “öč”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 521
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) üč”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 814