𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *frumistaz and cognate to Old English fyrmest, whence English foremost. By surface analysis, 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma, “former”) +‎ -𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (-ists, “superlative suffix”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfru.mists/

Adjective

𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 • (frumists)

1. superlative degree of 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma)

   Antonym: 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (aftumists)

   2. first (preceding all others of a series or kind; the ordinal of one; earliest) (used of the first of more than two, or of an unspecified number)
      • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Luke (Codex Argenteus) 19.16:

        𐌵𐌰𐌼 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐍃𐌰 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰, 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐍃 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌰 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃.

        qam þan sa frumista qiþands: frauja, skatts þeins gawaurhta taihun skattans.

        Then came the first, saying, Lord, thy pound hath gained ten pounds. (KJV)

      • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Second Epistle to Timothy (Codex Ambrosianus B) 2.6:

        𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍉𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐍅𐌾𐌰 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌴 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽.

        arbaidjands airþōs waurstwja skal frumist akranē andniman.

        The husbandman that laboureth must be first partaker of the fruits. (KJV).

   3. first (most eminent or exalted; most excellent; chief; highest)
      • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 10.44:

        𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌹 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃, 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍃.

        jah saei wili izwara wairþan frumists, sijai allaim skalks.

        And whosoever of you will be the chiefest, shall be servant of all. (KJV).

Declension

A-stem
Strong (indefinite) inflection
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 frumists	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 frumista	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄, 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍄𐌰 frumist, frumistata
Accusative	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌰 frumistana	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 frumista	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄, 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍄𐌰 frumist, frumistata
Genitive	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐍃 frumistis	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 frumistaizōs	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐍃 frumistis
Dative	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 frumistamma	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹 frumistai	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 frumistamma
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹 frumistai	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐍃 frumistōs	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 frumista
Accusative	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 frumistans	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐍃 frumistōs	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 frumista
Genitive	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 frumistaizē	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 frumistaizō	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 frumistaizē
Dative	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼 frumistaim	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼 frumistaim	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼 frumistaim
Weak (definite) inflection
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 frumista	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉 frumistō	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉 frumistō
Accusative	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 frumistan	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽 frumistōn	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉 frumistō
Genitive	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽𐍃 frumistins	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍃 frumistōns	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽𐍃 frumistins
Dative	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽 frumistin	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽 frumistōn	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽 frumistin
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 frumistans	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍃 frumistōns	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐌰 frumistōna
Accusative	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 frumistans	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍃 frumistōns	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐌰 frumistōna
Genitive	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌴 frumistanē	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍉 frumistōnō	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌴 frumistanē
Dative	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼 frumistam	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌼 frumistōm	𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼 frumistam

Derived terms

• 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹 (frumisti, “beginning”)

Related terms

• 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂- (fair-)
• 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌰 (fairra)
• 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂 (faur)
• 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 (faura)
• 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram)
• 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (framaþeis)
• 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 (frauja)

 

Further reading

• Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) “F99. fruma”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 129–130
• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 39