𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“lively, awake”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwakan/

Verb

𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 • (wakan) (intransitive)

1. to stay awake
   • 1 Thessalonians 5:6, 10:

     𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌿 𐌽𐌿 𐌽𐌹 𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹, 𐌰𐌺 𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰; […] 𐍃𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍄 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂 𐌿𐌽𐍃, 𐌴𐌹, 𐌾𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌴 𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌴 𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰, 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰.

     þannu nu ni slēpaima swē þai anþarai, ak wakaima jah warai sijaima; […] saei gaswalt faur uns, ei, jaþþē slēpaima jaþþē wakaima, samana miþ imma libaima.

     Therefore let us not sleep, as do others; but let us watch and be sober. […] Who died for us, that, whether we wake or sleep, we should live together with him. (KJV)

2. to watch, keep alert
   • 1 Corinthians 16:13:

     𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌷 𐌹𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹, 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸, 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸.

     wakaiþ standaiduh in galaubeinai, wairaleikō taujaiþ, gaþwastidai sijaiþ.

     Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you like men, be strong. (KJV)

   • Ephesians 6:18:

     𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐍉𐍃 𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍂𐍉𐌽𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐍉𐍃 𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍂𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰 𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌷𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌳𐌿 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉 𐌿𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐍉𐌼 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌼,

     þairh allōs aihtrōnins jah bidōs aihtrōndans in alla mēla in ahmin jah du þamma wakandans sinteinō usdaudein jah bidōm fram allaim þaim weiham,

     Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints; (KJV)

   • Colossians 4:2:

     𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃, 𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌼;

     bidai haftjandans izwis, wakandans in izai in awiliudam;

     Continue in prayer, and watch in the same with thanksgiving; (KJV)

   Synonym: 𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (duwakan) (found in a variant reading of the passage from Ephesians)

Conjugation

Class 6 strong
Infinitive	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 wakan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰 waka	𐍅𐍉𐌺 wōk	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰 wakada
2nd singular	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌹𐍃 wakis	𐍅𐍉𐌺𐍄 wōkt	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌶𐌰 wakaza
3rd singular	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌹𐌸 wakiþ	𐍅𐍉𐌺 wōk	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰 wakada
1st dual	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐍉𐍃 wakōs	𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌿 wōku	—
2nd dual	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍃 wakats	𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌿𐍄𐍃 wōkuts	—
1st plural	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌼 wakam	𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌿𐌼 wōkum	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 wakanda
2nd plural	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌹𐌸 wakiþ	𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌿𐌸 wōkuþ	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 wakanda
3rd plural	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳 wakand	𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌿𐌽 wōkun	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 wakanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿 wakau	𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌿 wōkjau	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 wakaidau
2nd singular	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃 wakais	𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 wōkeis	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 wakaizau
3rd singular	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹 wakai	𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌹 wōki	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 wakaidau
1st dual	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 wakaiwa	𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 wōkeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 wakaits	𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 wōkeits	—
1st plural	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 wakaima	𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 wōkeima	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 wakaindau
2nd plural	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌸 wakaiþ	𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌸 wōkeiþ	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 wakaindau
3rd plural	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 wakaina	𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 wōkeina	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 wakaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐍅𐌰𐌺 wak
3rd singular	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 wakadau
2nd dual	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍃 wakats
2nd plural	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌹𐌸 wakiþ
3rd plural	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 wakandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 wakands	𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍃 wakans

Derived terms

• 𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (duwakan)
• 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þairhwakan)

 

Related terms

• 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gawaknan)
• 𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (uswakjan)
• 𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (wōkains)

 

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 168