𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌿𐍃- (us-) +‎ 𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽 (bliggwan).

Pronunciation

(uncertain) IPA^(key): /usˈbliɡɡʷan/, /usˈbliŋɡʷan/^[1]

Verb

𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽 • (usbliggwan) (perfective)

(transitive) to beat severely, scourge

Conjugation

Class 2 strong
Infinitive	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽 usbliggwan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰 usbliggwa	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅 usblaggw	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰 usbliggwada
2nd singular	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌹𐍃 usbliggwis	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍄 usblaggwt	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌶𐌰 usbliggwaza
3rd singular	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌹𐌸 usbliggwiþ	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅 usblaggw	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰 usbliggwada
1st dual	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍉𐍃 usbliggwōs	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌿 usbluggwu	—
2nd dual	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍃 usbliggwats	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃 usbluggwuts	—
1st plural	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌼 usbliggwam	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌿𐌼 usbluggwum	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 usbliggwanda
2nd plural	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌹𐌸 usbliggwiþ	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌿𐌸 usbluggwuþ	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 usbliggwanda
3rd plural	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 usbliggwand	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌿𐌽 usbluggwun	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 usbliggwanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌿 usbliggwau	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌿 usbluggwjau	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 usbliggwaidau
2nd singular	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍃 usbliggwais	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 usbluggweis	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 usbliggwaizau
3rd singular	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌹 usbliggwai	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌹 usbluggwi	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 usbliggwaidau
1st dual	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 usbliggwaiwa	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 usbluggweiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 usbliggwaits	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 usbluggweits	—
1st plural	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 usbliggwaima	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 usbluggweima	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 usbliggwaindau
2nd plural	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌸 usbliggwaiþ	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌸 usbluggweiþ	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 usbliggwaindau
3rd plural	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 usbliggwaina	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 usbluggweina	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 usbliggwaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅 usbliggw
3rd singular	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 usbliggwadau
2nd dual	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍃 usbliggwats
2nd plural	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌹𐌸 usbliggwiþ
3rd plural	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 usbliggwandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 usbliggwands	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐍃 usbluggwans

References

^
There is no clear scholarly consensus as to whether <ggw> resulting from Verschärfung was pronounced with a nasal or not. (Contrast words like 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽 (siggwan), where the <ggw> derives from Proto-Germanic *-ngw-, and which was very likely pronounced with a nasal.) For a selection of perspectives on the issue of whether or not there was an etymological distinction in how <ggw> was pronounced, refer to:
- Miller, D. Gary (2019) The Oxford Gothic Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 29
- Magnús Snaedal, "Gothic <ggw>", Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 128 (2011)
- James Marchand (1973) The Sounds and Phonemes of Wulfila's Gothic, pp. 87-90.

[1] There is no clear scholarly consensus as to whether <ggw> resulting from Verschärfung was pronounced with a nasal or not. (Contrast words like 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽 (siggwan), where the <ggw> derives from Proto-Germanic *-ngw-, and which was very likely pronounced with a nasal.) For a selection of perspectives on the issue of whether or not there was an etymological distinction in how <ggw> was pronounced, refer to:
Miller, D. Gary (2019) The Oxford Gothic Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 29

Magnús Snaedal, "Gothic <ggw>", Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 128 (2011)

James Marchand (1973) The Sounds and Phonemes of Wulfila's Gothic, pp. 87-90.

[2] Miller, D. Gary (2019) The Oxford Gothic Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 29

[3] Magnús Snaedal, "Gothic <ggw>", Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 128 (2011)

[4] James Marchand (1973) The Sounds and Phonemes of Wulfila's Gothic, pp. 87-90.

[1]