𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃

Gothic

Pronunciation

(uncertain) IPA^(key): /usˈbliɡɡʷands/, /usˈbliŋɡʷands/^[1]

Participle

𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 • (usbliggwands)

present participle of 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽 (usbliggwan)

Declension

An/īn-stem, strong in m. nom. sg.
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃, 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 usbliggwands, usbliggwanda	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 usbliggwandei	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉 usbliggwandō
Accusative	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 usbliggwandan	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 usbliggwandein	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉 usbliggwandō
Genitive	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 usbliggwandins	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 usbliggwandeins	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 usbliggwandins
Dative	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 usbliggwandin	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 usbliggwandein	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 usbliggwandin
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 usbliggwandans	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 usbliggwandeins	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 usbliggwandōna
Accusative	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 usbliggwandans	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 usbliggwandeins	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 usbliggwandōna
Genitive	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 usbliggwandanē	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉 usbliggwandeinō	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 usbliggwandanē
Dative	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 usbliggwandam	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼 usbliggwandeim	𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 usbliggwandam

References

^
There is no clear scholarly consensus as to whether <ggw> resulting from Verschärfung was pronounced with a nasal or not. (Contrast words like 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽 (siggwan), where the <ggw> derives from Proto-Germanic *-ngw-, and which was very likely pronounced with a nasal.) For a selection of perspectives on the issue of whether or not there was an etymological distinction in how <ggw> was pronounced, refer to:
- Miller, D. Gary (2019) The Oxford Gothic Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 29
- Magnús Snaedal, "Gothic <ggw>", Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 128 (2011)
- James Marchand (1973) The Sounds and Phonemes of Wulfila's Gothic, pp. 87-90.

[1] There is no clear scholarly consensus as to whether <ggw> resulting from Verschärfung was pronounced with a nasal or not. (Contrast words like 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽 (siggwan), where the <ggw> derives from Proto-Germanic *-ngw-, and which was very likely pronounced with a nasal.) For a selection of perspectives on the issue of whether or not there was an etymological distinction in how <ggw> was pronounced, refer to:
Miller, D. Gary (2019) The Oxford Gothic Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 29

Magnús Snaedal, "Gothic <ggw>", Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 128 (2011)

James Marchand (1973) The Sounds and Phonemes of Wulfila's Gothic, pp. 87-90.

[2] Miller, D. Gary (2019) The Oxford Gothic Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 29

[3] Magnús Snaedal, "Gothic <ggw>", Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 128 (2011)

[4] James Marchand (1973) The Sounds and Phonemes of Wulfila's Gothic, pp. 87-90.

[1]