𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kunnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkunːan/

Verb

𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 • (kunnan)

1. to know, to be familiar with

Conjugation

Variant spellings 𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌽𐍄 (kannt), 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹 (kunnei) and 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹 (kunnjai) are attested. Gary Miller claims the latter is a misreading for 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿 (kunnjau) in the manuscripts. Others have interpreted this as a scribal mistake (analogous formation) for the third-person singular 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹 (kunnei)/*𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌹 (*kunni).

Preterite-present
Infinitive	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 kunnan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌽 kann	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰 kunþa	—
2nd singular	𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍄 kant	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐍃 kunþēs	—
3rd singular	𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌽 kann	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰 kunþa	—
1st dual	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿 kunnu	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌿 kunþēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐍄𐍃 kunnuts	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 kunþēduts	—
1st plural	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼 kunnum	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 kunþēdum	—
2nd plural	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌸 kunnuþ	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 kunþēduþ	—
3rd plural	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌽 kunnun	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 kunþēdun	—
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿 kunnjau	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 kunþēdjau	—
2nd singular	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 kunneis	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 kunþēdeis	—
3rd singular	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌹 kunni	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌹 kunþēdi	—
1st dual	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 kunneiwa	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 kunþēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 kunneits	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 kunþēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 kunneima	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 kunþēdeima	—
2nd plural	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 kunneiþ	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 kunþēdeiþ	—
3rd plural	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 kunneina	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 kunþēdeina	—
Imperative
2nd singular	—
3rd singular	—
2nd dual	—
2nd plural	—
3rd plural	—
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 kunnands	𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 kunþs

Derived terms

Note that some of the apparent derivates are class 3 weak verbs (with infinitives ending in -ān) instead of preterite-present verbs like the above.

• 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (anakunnān)
• 𐌰𐍄𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (atkunnān)
• 𐌱𐌹𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bikunþjan)
• 𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gakunnān)
• 𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gakunnan)
• 𐌿𐌽𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (unkunþs)
• 𐌿𐌽𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (unkunnands)
• 𐌿𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (uskunþs)
• 𐌿𐍆𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (ufkunnān)
• 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (swikunþs)
• 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (frakunnan)

Related terms

• 𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (kannjan)