𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌳𐌹𐍃- (dis-) +‎ *𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*winþjan), from Proto-Germanic *winþijaną (“to winnow”), a variant of *windwōną. The sense ‘crush, grind to powder’ found at Luke 20:18 is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek λικμάω (likmáō).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /disˈwinθjan/

Verb

𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (diswinþjan)

1. to crush, grind to powder, pulverize
   • Luke 20:18:

     𐍈𐌰𐌶𐌿𐌷 𐍃𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌺𐍂𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌳𐌰; 𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌸, 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌽𐌰.

     ƕazuh saei driusiþ ana þana stain gakrōtuda; iþ ana þanei driusiþ, diswinþeiþ ina.

     Whosoever shall fall upon that stone shall be broken; but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 diswinþjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰 diswinþja	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌰 diswinþida	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 diswinþjada
2nd singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 diswinþeis	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 diswinþidēs	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 diswinþjaza
3rd singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 diswinþeiþ	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌰 diswinþida	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 diswinþjada
1st dual	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐍉𐍃 diswinþjōs	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 diswinþidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 diswinþjats	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 diswinþidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌼 diswinþjam	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 diswinþidēdum	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 diswinþjanda
2nd plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 diswinþeiþ	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 diswinþidēduþ	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 diswinþjanda
3rd plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 diswinþjand	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 diswinþidēdun	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 diswinþjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌿 diswinþjau	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 diswinþidēdjau	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 diswinþjaidau
2nd singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 diswinþjais	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 diswinþidēdeis	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 diswinþjaizau
3rd singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹 diswinþjai	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 diswinþidēdi	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 diswinþjaidau
1st dual	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 diswinþjaiwa	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 diswinþidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 diswinþjaits	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 diswinþidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 diswinþjaima	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 diswinþidēdeima	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 diswinþjaindau
2nd plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 diswinþjaiþ	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 diswinþidēdeiþ	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 diswinþjaindau
3rd plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 diswinþjaina	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 diswinþidēdeina	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 diswinþjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹 diswinþei
3rd singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 diswinþjadau
2nd dual	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 diswinþjats
2nd plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 diswinþeiþ
3rd plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 diswinþjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 diswinþjands	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌸𐍃 diswinþiþs

Related terms

• 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍉 (winþiskaurō)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 175