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𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Gothic

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Etymology

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𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ Proto-Germanic *þarbāną

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɡaˈθarbaːn/, [ɡaˈθarvaːn]

Verb

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𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (gaþarbān)

  1. to abstain from (+ genitive)
    • 1 Timothy 4:3:
      𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐍉𐍃, 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌴, 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌶𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌿𐌸 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐍉𐍀 𐌳𐌿 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌼 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍆𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰.
      warjandanē liugōs, gaþarban matē, þanzei guþ gaskōp du andniman miþ awiliudam galaubjandam jah ufkunnandam sunja.
      Forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from meats, which God hath created to be received with thanksgiving of them which believe and know the truth. (KJV)
  2. (reflexive) to be temperate
    • 1 Corinthians 9:25:
      𐌹𐌸 𐍈𐌰𐌶𐌿𐌷 𐍃𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌸, 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌹𐍃 𐍃𐌹𐌺 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱⟨𐌰⟩𐌹𐌸; 𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌴𐌹𐍃, 𐌴𐌹 𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍀 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰, 𐌹𐌸 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰.
      iþ ƕazuh saei haifstjan sniwiþ, allis sik gaþarb⟨a⟩iþ; aþþan eis, ei riurjana waip nimaina, iþ weis unriurjana.
      And every man that striveth for the mastery is temperate in all things. Now they do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an incorruptible. (KJV)

Conjugation

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Class 3 weak
Infinitive 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽
gaþarbān
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰
gaþarba
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰
gaþarbaida
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌰
gaþarbāda
2nd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍃
gaþarbais
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃
gaþarbaidēs
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌶𐌰
gaþarbāza
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸
gaþarbaiþ
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰
gaþarbaida
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌰
gaþarbāda
1st dual 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐍉𐍃
gaþarbōs
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿
gaþarbaidēdu
2nd dual 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍃
gaþarbāts
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃
gaþarbaidēduts
1st plural 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌼
gaþarbām
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼
gaþarbaidēdum
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
gaþarbānda
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸
gaþarbaiþ
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸
gaþarbaidēduþ
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
gaþarbānda
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳
gaþarbānd
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽
gaþarbaidēdun
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
gaþarbānda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌿
gaþarbau
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿
gaþarbaidēdjau
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
gaþarbaidau
2nd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍃
gaþarbais
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃
gaþarbaidēdeis
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿
gaþarbaizau
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹
gaþarbai
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹
gaþarbaidēdi
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
gaþarbaidau
1st dual 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰
gaþarbaiwa
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰
gaþarbaidēdeiwa
2nd dual 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃
gaþarbaits
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃
gaþarbaidēdeits
1st plural 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰
gaþarbaima
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
gaþarbaidēdeima
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gaþarbaindau
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸
gaþarbaiþ
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸
gaþarbaidēdeiþ
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gaþarbaindau
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰
gaþarbaina
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
gaþarbaidēdeina
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gaþarbaindau
Imperative
2nd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹
gaþarbai
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿
gaþarbādau
2nd dual 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍃
gaþarbāts
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸
gaþarbaiþ
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gaþarbāndau
Present Past
Participles 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃
gaþarbānds
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃
gaþarbaiþs
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Further reading

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  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 145