𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

𐌰𐍄- (at-) +‎ *𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*walwjan), from Proto-Germanic *walwijaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /atˈwalwjan/

Verb

𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (atwalwjan)

1. (hapax) to roll (transitive) [with 𐌳𐌿 (du) ‘up to’]
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 15:46:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐍄𐌰 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰, 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌿𐍃 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽 𐌳𐌿 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 𐌸𐌹𐍃 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃.

     jah usbugjands lein jah usnimands ita biwand þamma leina jah galagida ita in hlaiwa, þatei was gadraban us staina, jah atwalwida stain du daura þis hlaiwis.

     And he bought fine linen, and took him down, and wrapped him in the linen, and laid him in a sepulchre which was hewn out of a rock, and rolled a stone unto the door of the sepulchre. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 atwalwjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰 atwalwja	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰 atwalwida	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 atwalwjada
2nd singular	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 atwalweis	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 atwalwidēs	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 atwalwjaza
3rd singular	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌸 atwalweiþ	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰 atwalwida	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 atwalwjada
1st dual	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐍉𐍃 atwalwjōs	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 atwalwidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 atwalwjats	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 atwalwidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌼 atwalwjam	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 atwalwidēdum	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 atwalwjanda
2nd plural	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌸 atwalweiþ	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 atwalwidēduþ	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 atwalwjanda
3rd plural	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 atwalwjand	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 atwalwidēdun	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 atwalwjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌿 atwalwjau	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 atwalwidēdjau	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 atwalwjaidau
2nd singular	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 atwalwjais	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 atwalwidēdeis	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 atwalwjaizau
3rd singular	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹 atwalwjai	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 atwalwidēdi	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 atwalwjaidau
1st dual	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 atwalwjaiwa	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 atwalwidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 atwalwjaits	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 atwalwidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 atwalwjaima	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 atwalwidēdeima	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 atwalwjaindau
2nd plural	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 atwalwjaiþ	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 atwalwidēdeiþ	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 atwalwjaindau
3rd plural	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 atwalwjaina	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 atwalwidēdeina	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 atwalwjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹 atwalwei
3rd singular	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 atwalwjadau
2nd dual	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 atwalwjats
2nd plural	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌸 atwalweiþ
3rd plural	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 atwalwjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 atwalwjands	𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍃 atwalwiþs

Related terms

• 𐌰𐍆𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afwalwjan)
• 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍉𐌽 (walwisōn)
• 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (faurwalwjan)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 168