바닥

Jeju

Etymology

From Middle Korean 바다ᇰ〮 (pàtáng). Cognate to Korean 바닥 (badak)

Pronunciation

• (Morphophonemic) IPA^(key): ⫽patak⫽
• (Jeju City) IPA^(key): [pa̠da̠k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [바닥]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	badak
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	badag
Yale Romanization?	patak

Noun

바닥 (badak)

1. bottom, floor

References

• “바닥” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.
• 제주 문화 예술 재단 [jeju munhwa yesul jaedan] (2009) “바닥”, in 개정 증보 제주어 사전 [gaejeong jeungbo jejueo sajeon], 제주 특별 자치도 [jeju teukbyeol jachido], →ISBN, page 414

Korean

Pronunciation

• (Busan) IPA^(key): [pɐdɐk̚]

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pa̠da̠k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [바닥]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	badak
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	badag
McCune–Reischauer?	padak
Yale Romanization?	patak

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 바닥의 / 바닥에 / 바닥까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the first syllable, and lowers the pitch of subsequent suffixes.

Etymology 1

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 바다ᇰ〮 (Yale: pàtáng). In the Early Modern era, the form was supplanted by modern 바닥 (badak), which may originally have been dialectal; Korean dialects often variably have coda /k~ŋ~j~h/, probably from ancestral */-k/.

바다 (bada, “sea, ocean”) may originally have been a semantic extension of this word. Beyond Koreanic, probably related to Manchu ᡶ‍ᠠᡨᠠᠨ (f‍atan, “sole of the foot”), which is quite possibly a Korean borrowing into Jurchen or Manchu given the apparent lack of clear Tungusic cognates.

Noun

바닥 • (badak)

1. floor; bottom; a flat and usually low surface of a space or object

   신발 바닥 ― sinbal badak ― bottom of the shoes, sole of the shoes

   혓바닥 ― hyeotbadak ― surface of the tongue

   책이 바닥에 떨어지다 ― chaeg-i badag-e tteoreojida ― for the book to fall to the floor

   • 1704 (publ. 1721), 洪啓英/홍계영, “喜雪 / 희설”, in 觀水齋遺稿 / 관수재유고:

     바닥 업슨 신을 신고 雪(셜)裏(리)의 徘(ᄇᆡ)徊(회)ᄒᆞ니 […]

     badak eopseun sin-eul sin'go syeolli-ui baehoehani […]

     as I wander about in the midst of the snow, wearing shoes that have no soles

   • c. 1790, 樂學拾零 (Akhak Seumnyeong) [Tidbits of the Musical Sciences]:

     싀어마님 며ᄂᆞ리 낫바 벽바닥을 구로지 마오

     suieomanim myeoneuri natba byeokbadag-eul guroji mao

     Mother-in-law, do not stamp your feet against the bottom of the wall out of how terrible your daughter-in-law is.

   • 1942 (publ. 1948), Yun Dong-ju, “참회록 [chamhoerok]”, in 하늘과 바람과 별과 시 [haneulgwa baramgwa byeolgwa si, Sky, Wind, and Stars]:

     밤이면 밤마다 나의 거울을 손바닥으로 발바닥으로 닦아 보자.

     Bam-imyeon bammada na-ui geour-eul sonbadag-euro balbadag-euro dakka boja.

     When it is night, at every night, let me polish my mirror with my palms and my soles.

   • 2021, “버스서 5만원 든 지갑주운 20대... CCTV 덕에 무죄 [beoseuseo 5manwon deun jigapjuun 20dae... CCTV deoge mujoe, Man in 20s picks up wallet with 50k\ bills in bus, found innocent thanks to security camera]”, in The Chosun Ilbo‎^[1]:

     지갑이 바닥에 떨어졌고, 지갑을 주우려고 하다 의자 밑으로 들어가는 바람에 그냥 버스에서 내렸다고 진술했다.

     Jigab-i badag-e tteoreojeotgo, jigab-eul juuryeogo hada uija mit-euro deureoganeun baram-e geunyang beoseu-eseo naeryeotdago jinsulhaetda.

     He testified that the wallet had fallen to the floor, and that it went under the chair when he tried to pick it up, so he just left the bus.

2. (figurative) rock bottom
3. (colloquial) area, region

   서울 바닥 ― Seoul badak ― Seoul; the area of Seoul

4. (uncommon) the weave of fabric

Derived terms

(idioms)

• 바닥을 긁다 (badageul geukda, “to be stuck in poverty or difficulty”, literally “to scratch the bottom”)
• 바닥을 기다 (badageul gida, “to be terrible (of scores, grades, etc.)”, literally “to crawl the bottom”)
• 바닥이 드러나다 (badagi deureonada, “to be depleted”, literally “for the bottom to be revealed”)
• 바닥을 보다 (badageul boda, “to put at end to things”, literally “to see the bottom”)
• 바닥을 짚다 (badageul jipda, “to mine a specific place for ore”, literally “to examine the bottom”)
• 바닥을 치다 (badageul chida, “to hit rock bottom”, literally “to strike the bottom”)
• 바닥을 비우다 (badageul biuda, “to deplete”, literally “to empty the bottom”)

(compounds)

• 길바닥 (gilbadak, “bottom of the road”)
• 뒷바닥 (dwitbadak, “back of the sole”)
• 땅바닥 (ttangbadak, “ground”)
• 맨바닥 (maenbadak, “bare floor”)
• 모랫바닥 (moraetbadak, “sand field”)
• 밑바닥 (mitbadak, “bottom”)
• 바닥나다 (badangnada, “to become depleted”, literally “for the bottom to appear”)
• 발바닥 (balbadak, “sole”)
• 방바닥 (bangbadak, “floor”)
• 손바닥 (sonbadak, “palm”)
• 아랫바닥 (araetbadak, “bottom”)
• 장바닥 (jangbadak, “marketplace”) (colloquial)
• 혓바닥 (hyeotbadak, “surface of the tongue”)

Counter

바닥 • (badak)

1. (southeastern Gyeongsang) page of paper

   Synonyms: 쪽 (jjok), 페이지 (peiji)

   책 한 바닥 ― chaek han badak ― a page of a book

Etymology 2

See the main entry at 바다 (bada). Probably the most conservative form of this word.

Noun

바닥 • (badak)

1. (southern Gyeongsang, southern Jeolla dialect) Dialectal form of 바다 (bada, “sea; ocean”).

Synonyms

Historical and regional synonyms of 바다 (bada, “sea”)
view map; edit data
Group	Region	Location	Words
Standardised forms	South Korean Standard Language		바다 (bada)
	North Korean Cultured Language		바다 (bada)
Historical forms	Old Korean		海等 (*PAtol)
	Middle Korean		바닿〮 (pàtáh), 바ᄅᆞᆯ〮 (pàlól)
	Early Modern Seoul Korean		바다 (bada), 바닿 (bada)
Central Korean	Gyeonggi	Modern colloquial Seoul	바다 (bada)
		Kaesong	바다 (bada)
		Changpung	바다 (bada)
		Yeoncheon	바다 (bada)
		Yongin	바대 (badae)
	Yeongseo	Kosan	바다 (bada)
	Yeongdong	Gangneung	바다 (bàdà)
		Wonsan	바다 (bada)
		Kumya	바다 (bada)
		Munchon	바다 (bada)
		Anbyeon	바다 (bada)
		Yangyang	바다 (bada)
		Samcheok	바다 (bádà)
	North Chungcheong	Cheongju	바다 (bada)
		Chungju	바다 (bada)
		Danyang	바다 (bada)
		Boeun	바다 (bada)
		Yeongdong	바다 (bada)
	South Chungcheong	Cheonan	바다 (bada)
		Hongseong	바다 (bada)
		Gongju	바다 (bada)
		Seocheon	바다 (bada)
		Nonsan	바다 (bada), 바대 (badae)
	South Hwanghae	Haeju	바다 (bada)
		Ongjin	바다 (bada)
		Yonan	바다 (bada)
		Taetan	바다 (bada)
		Chaeryong	바다 (bada)
		Changyon	바다 (bada)
		Unnyul	바다 (bada)
	North Hwanghae	Hwangju	바다 (bada)
		Sohung	바다 (bada)
		Kumchon	바다 (bada)
		Singye	바다 (bada)
		Suan	바다 (bada)
		Yonsan	바다 (bada)
Gyeongsang Korean	North Gyeongsang	Daegu	'바다 ( bada)
		Uljin	'바다 ( bada), '바닥 ( badak)
		Yecheon	'바다 ( bada)
		Andong	'바다 ( bada)
		Uiseong	'바다 ( bada)
		Cheongsong	'바다 ( bada)
		Yeongdeok	'바다 ( bada), '바닥 ( badak)
		Gimcheon	'바다 ( bada)
		Pohang	'바다 ( bada)
		Yeongcheon	'바다 ( bada)
		Goryeong	'바다 ( bada)
	South Gyeongsang	Busan	'바다 ( bada), 바당 (bádàng)
		Ulsan	'바다 ( bada)
		Changwon	'바다 ( bada), '바당 ( badang)
		Geochang	'바다 ( bada), 바닥 (bádàk)
		Hapcheon	'바다 ( bada)
		Changnyeong	'바대 ( badae), 바당 (bádàng)
		Hamyang	'바다 ( bada)
		Hadong	바닥 (bádàk)
		Jinju	'바다 ( bada), '바당 ( badang), 바닥 (bádàk)
		Haman	바닥 (bádàk)
		Gimhae	'바다 ( bada)
		Yangsan	'바다 ( bada)
		Sacheon	바닥 (bádàk)
		Goseong	바닥 (bádàk)
		Namhae	'바다 ( bada), 바닥 (bádàk)
		Tongyeong	'바다 ( bada), 바당 (bádàng), 바닥 (bádàk)
		Geoje	바당 (bádàng), 바닥 (bádàk)
Jeolla Korean	North Jeolla	Jeonju	바대 (badae)
		Jinan	바대 (badae)
		Muju	바대 (badae)
		Gimje	바대 (badae)
		Jeongeup	바대 (badae)
		Imsil	바대 (badae)
		Jangsu	바대 (badae)
		Sunchang	바대 (badae)
		Namwon	바대 (badae)
	South Jeolla	Gwangju	바다 (bada)
		Yeonggwang	바대 (bade)
		Jangseong	바대 (bade)
		Damyang	바대 (bade)
		Gokseong	바대 (bade)
		Gurye	바대 (badae)
		Hampyeong	바대 (bade)
		Sinan	바닥 (badak)
		Mokpo	바닥 (badak)
		Naju	바대 (bade), 바다 (bada)
		Suncheon	바다 (bada)
		Gwangyang	바대 (badae)
		Yeongam	바대 (bade)
		Jindo	바닥 (badak)
		Haenam	바대 (bade), 바닥 (badak)
		Gangjin	바대 (bade)
		Wando	바닥 (badak), 바탕 (batang) (less common)
		Jangheung	바대 (bade)
		Boseong	바대 (badae)
		Goheung	바닥 (badak)
		Yeosu	바닥 (badak), 바당 (badang)
Pyongan Korean	South Pyongan	Pyongyang	바다 (bada)
	North Pyongan	Pakchon	바다 (bada)
		Nyongbyon	바다 (bada)
		Kusong	바다 (bada)
		Huichon	바다 (bada)
		Kanggye	바다 (bada)
		Chasong	바다 (bada)
Hamgyong Korean	South Hamgyong	Hamhung	바'다 (ba da)
		Chongpyong	바'다 (ba da)
		Yonggwang	바'다 (ba da)
		Sinhung	바'다 (ba da)
		Hongwon	바'다 (ba da)
		Pukchong	바'다 (ba da)
		Tanchon	바'당 (ba dang)
	North Hamgyong	Chongjin	바'다 (ba da)
		Kimchaek	바'다 (ba da)
		Kilju	바'당 (ba dang)
		Myongchon	바'다 (ba da)
		Kyongsong	바'다 (ba da)
		Puryong	바'다 (ba da)
		Musan	바'당 (ba dang)
		Hyesan	바'다 (ba da)
		Kapsan	바'다 (ba da)
		Pungso	바'다 (ba da)
		Kimhyongjik	바'다 (ba da)
Yukjin Korean	Yukjin	Kyonghung	바다 (bàdá)
		Hoeryong	바당 (bàdáng)
		Onsong	바다 (bàdá)
		Kyongwon	바당 (bàdáng)
	Diaspora	Hunchun	바다 (bàdá)
Jeju		Jeju City	바당 (badang), 와당 (wadang)
		Daejeong	바당 (badang), 와당 (wadang), 바릇 (bareut)
		Gujwa	바당 (badang), 와당 (wadang)
		Seogwipo	바당 (badang), 와당 (wadang), 바릇 (bareut)
Note: Jeolla and Gyeongsang speakers may prefer to use words for 'beach' or 'seashore' in contexts where Seoul speakers would use 바다.
This table is an amalgamation of surveys of speakers mostly born before 1950 and may not reflect the language of younger speakers, which has lexically converged towards the standard Seoul dialect in both North and South Koreas.