없다

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Korean

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Etymology

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In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 없〯다〮 (Yale: ěps-tá), from Old Korean 無叱 (*EPUs-). Cognate with Jeju 읏다 (eutda).

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈɘ(ː)p̚t͈a̠]
    • Audio:(file)
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?eopda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?eobsda
McCune–Reischauer?ŏpta
Yale Romanization?ēpsta

Adjective

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없다 (eopda) (infinitive 없어, sequential 없으니)

  1. to have none; (to be) lacking; (to be) nonexistent
    Antonym: 있다 (itda, to exist)
    은행 계좌 없어요.
    Jeon eunhaeng gyejwa-ga eopseoyo.
    I don't have a bank account.
    하나 없다.
    Hana-do eopda.
    Not a single one.
    없어 보인다.
    Eopseo boinda.
    Lacking in appearance; not stylish
    같이 어울릴 만한 친구 없다.
    Gachi eoullil manhan chin'gu-ga han myeong-do eopda.
    I don't have a friend to hang out with.
    수준 맞는 친구 없다.
    Na-rang sujun-i manneun chin'gu-ga han myeong-do eopda.
    I don't have a friend who's up to my level.
  2. (North Korea) to die
    Synonyms: 죽다 (jukda), (honorific) 돌아가시다 (doragasida)
    지난밤 뜻하지 건넌집 할아버지 없었다구만.
    Jinanbam-e tteuthaji an-ke geonneonjip harabeoji-ga eopseotda-neun-guman.
    "Well, the old man from next door unexpectedly passed away last night."

Usage notes

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  • Most grammars classify 없다 (eopda) as an adjective with certain verbal qualities.[1]

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Koh & Nam (표준 국어 문법, rev. ed. 2002): 있다/없다