零れる
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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零 |
こぼ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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溢れる 翻れる |
Etymology
[edit]From classical verb 零る (koboru).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
The kanji spelling is from Chinese 零 (“to fall”), and is unrelated to 零 (rei, “zero”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「こぼれる」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
こぼれる | こぼれる | [kòbóréꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | こぼれろ | こぼれろ | [kòbóréꜜrò] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | こぼれられる | こぼれられる | [kòbóréráréꜜrù] |
Causative | こぼれさせる | こぼれさせる | [kòbórésáséꜜrù] |
Potential | - | - | - |
Volitional | こぼれよう | こぼれよー | [kòbóréyóꜜò] |
Negative | こぼれない | こぼれない | [kòbóréꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | こぼれなかった | こぼれなかった | [kòbóréꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | こぼれます | こぼれます | [kòbórémáꜜsù] |
Perfective | こぼれた | こぼれた | [kòbóꜜrètà] |
Conjunctive | こぼれて | こぼれて | [kòbóꜜrètè] |
Hypothetical conditional | こぼれれば | こぼれれば | [kòbóréꜜrèbà] |
Verb
[edit]零れる • (koboreru) intransitive ichidan (stem 零れ (kobore), past 零れた (koboreta))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 零す |
mediopassive | 零れる |
- to spill
- 1949, Kunio Kishida, Nyonin Katsugō [A Woman's Esteem]:
- ほら、ほら、ご飯粒がぼろぼろこぼれてるわよ。
- Hora, hora, gohan tsubu ga boroboro koboreteru wa yo.
- Oh look now, you’re spilling your rice.
- ほら、ほら、ご飯粒がぼろぼろこぼれてるわよ。
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:零れる.
- to scatter
- c. 951–953, Gosen Wakashū (book 1, poem 28)
- 梅の花折ればこぼれぬ我が袖に匂ひ香移せ家づとにせむ
- mume no hana oreba koborenu waga sode ni nioika utsuse iezuto ni sen
- If the plum blossoms are folded, they will crumble and scatter. O fragrant scent [of the blossoms], transfer to my sleeve and let me make you a souvenir for home!
- 梅の花折ればこぼれぬ我が袖に匂ひ香移せ家づとにせむ
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:零れる.
- c. 951–953, Gosen Wakashū (book 1, poem 28)
- (of tears) to roll
- 1908, Shūsei Tokuda, Sarazetai [The New Household]:
- 目からはポロポロと熱い涙が零れた。
- Me kara wa poroporo to atsui namida ga koboreta.
- Hot tears rolled down her cheeks.
- 目からはポロポロと熱い涙が零れた。
- 1961, “Ue o Muite Arukō [I Look Up as I Walk]”, Rokusuke Ei (lyrics), Hachidai Nakamura (music), performed by Kyū Sakamoto:
- 上を向いて歩こう 涙がこぼれないように...
- ue o muite arukō namida ga koborenai yō ni
- Let’s look up while we walk, so the tears don’t fall down.
- 上を向いて歩こう 涙がこぼれないように...
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:零れる.
- to overflow
- to escape
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "零れる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 零れ | こぼれ | kobore | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 零れ | こぼれ | kobore | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 零れる | こぼれる | koboreru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 零れる | こぼれる | koboreru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 零れれ | こぼれれ | koborere | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 零れよ¹ 零れろ² |
こぼれよ¹ こぼれろ² |
koboreyo¹ koborero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 零れられる | こぼれられる | koborerareru | |
Causative | 零れさせる 零れさす |
こぼれさせる こぼれさす |
koboresaseru koboresasu | |
Potential | 零れられる 零れれる³ |
こぼれられる こぼれれる³ |
koborerareru koborereru³ | |
Volitional | 零れよう | こぼれよう | koboreyō | |
Negative | 零れない 零れぬ 零れん |
こぼれない こぼれぬ こぼれん |
koborenai koborenu koboren | |
Negative continuative | 零れず | こぼれず | koborezu | |
Formal | 零れます | こぼれます | koboremasu | |
Perfective | 零れた | こぼれた | koboreta | |
Conjunctive | 零れて | こぼれて | koborete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 零れれば | こぼれれば | koborereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Quotations
[edit]For quotations using this term, see Citations:零れる.
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 零れ梅 (koboreume)
- 零れ落ちる (koboreochiru)
- 零れ幸い (koborezaiwai)
- 零れ桜 (koborezakura)
- 零れ種 (koboredane)
- 零れ球 (koboredama)
- 零れ刃 (koboreba)
- 零れ話 (koborebanashi)
- 零れ松葉 (kobore matsuba)
- 零れ物 (koboremono)
- 落ち零れ (ochikobore)
- 咲き零れる (sakikoboreru)
- 巣零れ (sukobore)
- 煮零れる (nikoboreru)
- 匂い零れる (nioikoboreru)
- 乗り零れる (norikoboreru)
- 吹き零れる (fukikoboreru)
- 矢零れ (yakobore)
References
[edit]- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 零 read as こぼ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese ichidan verbs
- Japanese shimo ichidan verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples